Ecological studies were carried out on the Parlatoria black scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and its associated parasitoid on navel orange trees at Faculty of Agriculture farm in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt during two successive years from June 2015 until May 2017. The seasonal abundance and activity periods of different stages of P. ziziphi and its associated parasitoid on navel orange trees and the effects of some weather factors on both insect and parasitoid were considered. The obtained results revealed that the total numbers of alive stages had two peaks of activity during the first year (2015-2016) they took place at September and January. While, during the second year (2016-2017) the total number of alive stages showed one peak of activity there was in September. Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) was recorded as a parasitoid of P. ziziphi which appeared two peaks of parasitism during the first year (2015-2016) in November and May. While, during the second year one peak was occurred in November. The total effects of some weather factors (Temp.ºC, RH% and solar radiation) in this study on the total numbers of alive stages of P. ziziphi during the two successive years were 89.47 and 85.30%, successively. The obtained results revealed that P. ziziphi had two to three annual generations on navel orange trees, the generation durations were varied from three to five months.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of light time and color, on some biological, technology and physiology characters of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. 1-Biology aspects: 1.2. Silk gland weight (g): The highest mean silk gland weight (0.825g) was recorded for green light 24 hr followed by red light 12 hr, which recorded (0.778g) and (0.777g) for red light 24 hr. 1.3. Cocooning percentage (%): Percent cocooning ranged between 54-88 % for all treatments and there were significant differences for treatment while there were high significant for both color and time. 1.5. Pupal weight (g): The highest mean treatment was obtained from red light 12 hr (1.39g),followed by natural light treatment (1.03g) then blue light 24 hr treatment(0.954g). light color and time of exposure. 1.6. The fecundity (no. of eggs / female): The fecundity of female moth resulted from silk worm larvae fed during4th larval instar on mulberry leaves clear that the treatment red light 12 hr proved the most effective 2-Technological and physiological aspects: 2.1. Silk filament weight (g): The highest mean treatment reeled silk filament weight (0.228g) was recorded for the cocoons spun by B. mori larvae exposed to green light 24 hr. 2.2. Total soluble protein (mg/ml): The total soluble protein content in silk worm larvae blood ranged between 1.92 mg/ml for blue light 24 hr, 1.88 mg/ml for red light 12 hr and 1.87 mg/ml for green light 12 hr compared to 1.94 mg/ml for the control larvae for silk gland samples. 2.3. Total fats (mg/ml): The total fats content of silk worm larval silk gland ranged between 139 mg/ml for natural light, 137 mg/ml for red light 24 hr and 131 mg/ml for red light 12 hr compared to 127 mg/ml for the control larvae for silk gland samples. 2.4 ALT content (mg/ml): The mean content of ALT enzymes ranged 703 mg/ml for red light 12 hr, 519 mg/ml for blue light 12 hr and 510 mg/ml for blue light 24 hr compared to 609 mg/ml for the control larvae for blood samples. 2.5. AST content (mg/ml): The mean content of AST enzymes ranged 316 mg/ml for red green 12 hr, 284 mg/ml for green light 24 hr and 274 mg/ml for red light 12 hr compared to 302 mg/ml for the control larvae for blood samples.

Green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. is one of the economically important vegetables in Egypt as well as in the world and is widely cultivated for its delicious seeds which add flavor and protein to the chits of millions people throughout the world. Many pests attacking plants causing serious damage by sucking the sab, feeding on leaves , branches and fruits one of the most serious pest is Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the following items: 1-Survey of the different pests infesting thing green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. 2-Integrates pest control of Aphis craccivora. 3-Economic effects of IPM application. 4-Fluctuation population of green bean aphid, Aphis craccivora infesting Phaseolus vulgaris L.. 5-Population density of different insect pesto on green bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. and natural enemies of Menoufia Governorate.

Studies were carried out on mandarin and navel orange trees at Faculty of Agriculture in Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia Governorate tow successive years (2015-2016 and 2016-2017) to survey the important scale insects and their associated parasitoids. three species of scale insect and one species of parasitoid species were recorded. Seasonal abundance, number of generations, effects of climatic factors, preferable leaf surface and distribution for The Parlatoria black scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) and its associated parasitoids were studied. Relationship between the infestation and leaves chemical components were estimated.

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