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Two vacuum residues were delivered from two different petroleum refineries, one from Suez Petroleum Company and the second from Alexandria Petroleum Company. Two heavy residues were subjected to solvent extraction using n-pentane, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate. The studied residues were fractionated into their components. Infrared spectroscopy was applied to study the distribution of functional groups contained in samples and their components. Some ratios calculated from the peak heights of selected infrared bands allow for a better comparison. The UV-Vis spectroscopic technique was applied to the aromatic fraction to determine how much mono-, di-, and polyaromatics are present in the aromatic fraction. The monoaromatics represent the lowest constituent among the aromatics present, whereas the polyaromatics and diaromatics are predominantly present and form the major constituent.

I N THIS work, 5 thiazolidinone derivatives of the type 5-benzylidene -2-(1-piperidinyl)- (105) are synthesized and characterized using conventional tools analyses. They are tested as antioxidants for local base stock and the efficiency of these compounds, as antioxidants, was monitored through studying the change in total acid number and viscosity, the results reveal that the efficiency order is ranked as follows 105 < 104 < 103 <102 < 101. The quantum chemical parameters such as the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels and the energy gap (E HOMO -E LUMO ) were calculated. The experimental results were on the same line with the quantum chemical calculations.

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Two vacuum residues were delivered from two different petroleum refineries, one from Suez Petroleum Company and the second from Alexandria Petroleum Company. They were subjected to solvent extraction using n-pentane, n-heptane, and ethyl acetate. The process of solvent extraction aims to separate maltenes and asphaltenes. The maltenes were further subjected to liquid chromatography (column chromatograph) in order to separate them into saturates and aromatics (mono-, di-, and poly-) and resins. The saturates that were separated from the maltenes of the two vacuum residues with different solvents were studied by gas chromatography in order to determine how much n-paraffins and cyclo-paraffins they contained.