Background: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that is involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease, serum levels of IL-15 have not been studied well in AA patients. Aim of the Work: We aims at evaluating the serum levels of IL-15 in active AA. Subject and Methods: This case-control study included 40 AA patients and 40 apparently healthy matched controls. Written informed consents were obtained from all the participants. The scalp was examined to assess sites, number, and size of alopecia patches, and the severity of AA lesions was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool score (SALT score) which determine the percentage of hair loss in the scalp. The body was carefully examined to detect any alopecia patches in any hairy area. Nail examination was carried out to detect any nail involvement. Serum IL-15 levels were measured using an ELISA kits. Results: Serum levels of IL-15 in patients were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.001). Serum levels in alopecia totalis were significantly higher than those with one or two patches, and serum levels in patients with both scalp and body involvement were significantly elevated than the levels of patients with either scalp or body involvement. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between SALT score and serum levels of IL-15 ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: Serum IL-15 may be a marker of AA severity.

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Hypertrophic scars [HS] are benign fibrous growths characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix at sites of prior dermal injury. Galectin-7 is thought to play a role during wound healing, functioning as a regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and migration that is central in maintaining and restoring epidermal homeostasis. So decrease in tissue expression and serum levels of galectin-7 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars.The aim of the work is to evaluate serum level and tissue expression of galectin-7 in patients with hypertrophic scars compared with control subjects.this was a case control study, This study included 20 patients, suffering from hypertrophic scars [Group A]. In addition, 20 apparently healthy individuals of matched age and sex were chosen as a control group [Group B]. Patients were selected from the outpatient clinic of Dermatology and Andrology department of Banha University Hospitals in the period from January 2019 to April 2019, Serum and tissue level of Galectin-7 were measured using Human Galectin-7 ELISA Kit supplied by Biokit Company, China. Serum level and tissue expression of galectin-7 were found to be lower in HS Patients than control and Serum level of galectin-7 positively correlates with its tissue expression level, No statistical significant correlations between galectin-7 tissue expression level and age, or duration of the lesion [P>0.05 for all]. we concluded that that HS is associated with decreased tissue and serum levels of galectin-7. These results suggest that the differences in galectin-7 expression may be crucially involved in the pathogenic process of HS.

Introduction and Aim : Diastolic dysfunction is a common finding in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has emerged as an early biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic values in cardiac dysfunction with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. We aimed to assess the correlation between Gal-3 levels and diastolic dysfunction in children with ESRD on regular HD. Materials and Methods : Gal-3 levels were assessed in 67 patients on regular HD and 67 healthy controls. Conventional echo-Doppler imaging and tissue-Doppler imaging were done to all patients and control groups. Patients were split into two categories: with or without diastolic dysfunction, based on the early diastolic transmitral velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/E') whether more or less than 15, respectively Results : Plasma Gal-3 levels in ng/ml were 16.7 (12.0–22.0) in healthy controls, 15.7 (10.5–22.0) in patients on HD without diastolic dysfunction, and 23.4 (13.4–25.0) in patients on HD with diastolic dysfunction. Gal-3 levels were significantly higher in HD patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Both uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that low left ventricular Tei index, low early diastolic mitral annular velocity of lateral wall wave, low early diastolic mitral annular velocity of septal wall wave, high septal early diastolic transmitral velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity of lateral wall (E/E') ratio, and high Gal-3 are significant predictors for LVDD in the whole study group. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the Gal-3 and the grade of diastolic dysfunction. The cut of point of diagnostic accuracy of serum Gal-3 in diastolic dysfunction in HD children was 20.12 with a sensitivity of 93.3 and a specificity 78.4. Conclusions : Gal-3 is a potential early biomarker that can be used in early diagnosis and grading of diastolic dysfunction in ESRD children on regular HD.

Background: Meconium drawing is a life-threatening disorder. It is distinguished by significant respiratory difficulties. Lactate is a fast-paced variable, strongly related to difficulties and mortality in nearly every severely sick child. Our aim in this study was to anticipate difficulties with the drawing of meconium by lactate measurement. Methods: This is randomised control work, occurring in 40 babies with meconium stained liquid. From February 2020 until November 2020, they were allowed to attend Benha University Hospital. Results: The need for resuscitation of babies with meconium contaminated liquor was 60 percent. Administration of surfactants was 16 percent. Stay in the hospital, vary from (4-45) days. Diabetic mother's maternal history was 20% and hypertension maternity was 12%. Infant issues report that 20% air leak syndrome, 16% air leak syndrome, 52% hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and 64% required for breathing assistance. Air leak syndrome Conclusion: Lactate measurement may be utilised to prevent issues such air leak syndrome, ischemic encephalopathy and breathing assistance in babies receiving meconiumtreated liquor.