The article considers the current state and prospects for development of the history of transport as an academic discipline, the study of which is an integral part of training of specialists for the industry. Based on its understanding as of an interdisciplinary scientific field and integrative training course, the authors propose approaches to solving theoretical and methodological problems, and also show its significant heuristic potential, which allows to give answers to current challenges met by the transport sector. Special attention is paid to the issues of defining the boundaries of the subject field of the history of transport, the organic combination of the general transport and specific aspects met by the content of this academic discipline, as well as to the particularities of the global, national and regional levels of the genesis and evolution of transport.

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Objective. The process of designing a long-range aircraft, in particular at the preliminary design stage, involves comparing and analyzing a large number of design alternatives with specified performance criteria. At the same time, the problem of choosing the composition of rational design parameters is solved, which is an actual problem of the preliminary design stage of a long-range aircraft. Methods. The developed method allows determining the vector of parameters that provides rational characteristics for a given efficiency criterion. In this regard, the authors propose to introduce a global efficiency criterion - the takeoff weight of the long-range aircraft, and the specific criteria are the aerodynamic quality in cruise and the value of fuel efficiency. Results. In this formulation of the design problem, it is necessary to solve several interrelated problems, some of which are formalized, while others do not yet have a mathematical construct and software that allows automating the process. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach to finding a rational design solution is the use of statistical analysis methods in combination with methods of high-precision mathematical modeling, software-implemented in a single information environment using the Fortran V and C++ languages. Conclusion. The proposed method for selecting the composition of rational design parameters allows forming the appearance and providing the specified characteristics for its component elements at the early stages and stages of designing the long-range aircraft.

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In the age of information technology, it is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain privacy. Sometimes anonymity on the Internet helps to protect everyone’s right. Anonymity on the Internet also helps to protect against possible illegal actions of third parties. There is a number of technologies that you can use to monitor site user activity. These include technologies such as cookies and fingerprints. Today, cookies technology is an important component of most operations on the Internet. This technology is considered to be one of the main tools that Internet resource owners use to track customers. However, this technique is gradually becoming obsolete and often does not give the desired effect. Fingerprint technology is a global identifier. Browser typos make its owner more recognizable not only on frequently visited Internet resources, but also in other electronic sources. Fingerprints capture the holistic picture that a resource receives from a web browser. This allows you to identify the client even if you make changes to your browser settings. This article deals with the problem of anonymity preservation in a network. The authors describe the main technologies for tracking the users’ website activity, the principles of their work, and the protection methods against these technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of the cookies and fingerprint technologies have also been determined.