By using an N-body potential scheme constructed by fitting the interaction parameters to accurate firstprinciples calculations, we investigate the structural stability of Co atoms and clusters deposited on Cu͑100͒. We found that Co atoms and clusters prefer to be embedded inside the substrate, in a way compatible with the formation of a surface alloy observed experimentally. Enhanced stability is achieved when Co atoms are deposited on a preformed Co cluster embedded on the uppermost layer of the substrate. Co atoms deposited on Co islands are best stabilized when they concur to complete the islands, by promoting layer-by-layer growth.Ultrathin films of ferromagnetic metals have found considerable interest in recent years due to their technological applications in the area of magneto-optical and transport properties. [1][2][3] In particular the growth of Fe and Co films on Cu͑001͒, which takes place pseudomorphically on the fcc substrate, has been investigated extensively.4-10 The quality of the grown layers and of the interfaces has a strong influence on properties like giant magnetoresistance, 5 magnetic anisotropy, 6,7 and oscillatory interlayer exchange coupling. 8,9Kief and Egelhoff 10 have reported the observation of nonideal film growth, characterized by the formation of compact Co clusters and the segregation of substituted Cu on the surface. Recently, the interfacial intermixing of ultrathin Co films on a Cu͑001͒ was observed, 11 despite the fact that Co and Cu are immiscible in the bulk. 12 The intermixing in the upper layers might not only be favored kinetically, but also energetically. 13In this paper we resort to a newly developed n-body interatomic potential scheme to ascertain the energetics of atoms and clusters of Co on the Cu͑001͒. A strong tendency for a direct exchange mechanism into the Cu layer is found. Our results demonstrate that at the initial stage of monolayer growth small Co clusters are formed in the Cu surface. We investigate the mechanism of adatom-cluster interactions and show how heteroepitaxial thin film growth takes place.Our approach is based on accurate first-principles calculations of selected cluster-substrate properties, which have been employed in the fitting of the potential parameters. This results in a manageable and inexpensive scheme able to account for structural relaxation and including implicitly magnetic effects, crucial for a realistic determination of interatomic interactions in systems having a magnetic nature.The potentials are formulated in the second moment tightbinding approximation ͑TB-SMA͒.14,15 The attractive term ͑band energy͒ E B i contains the many-body interaction. The repulsive term E R i is described by pair interactions ͑Born-Mayer form͒. The cohesive energy E coh is the sum of the band energy and repulsive part:. ͑3͒ r i j is the distance between the atoms i and j. r 0 ␣␤ is the first neighbor distance in the crystalline structures of the pure metals for atom-like interactions and becomes an adjustable parameter in the case of the cross interac...

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Scenario of burrowing of the Co adatoms and clusters on the Cu͑001͒ is considered. Performing atomic scale calculations we find that the Co/Cu interface is stabilized when the Co clusters reside in the surface layer. We demonstrate that coating the Co islands with the Cu substrate material leads to large capillary forces, which promote burrowing. A vacancy mechanism of burrowing is discussed. The effect of magnetism on the atomic relaxations at the Co/Cu interface is revealed.

Abstract. A simple model of oscillator chain with dynamical traps and additive white noise is considered. Its dynamics was studied numerically. As demonstrated, when the trap effect is pronounced nonequilibrium phase transitions of a new type arise. Locally they manifest themselves via distortion of the particle arrangement symmetry. Depending on the system parameters the particle arrangement is characterized by the corresponding distributions taking either a bimodal form, or twoscale one, or unimodal onescale form which, however, deviates substantially from the Gaussian distribution. The individual particle velocities exhibit also a number of anomalies, in particular, their distribution can be extremely wide or take a quasicusp form. A large number of different cooperative structures and superstructures made of these formations are found in the visualized time patterns. Their evolution is, in some sense, independent of the individual particle dynamics, enabling us to regard them as dynamical phases. PACS