Aim of the study was to analyze the course of coronavirus pneumonia in patients with pneumomediastinum. Material and methods. The study included 139 patients, 71 of whom developed spontaneous pneumomediastinum against the background of coronavirus pneumonia. Laboratory, clinical and radiological data were analyzed and compared. Results. The relationship between the severity of viral pneumonia (3rd–4th degree of severity according to MSCT) and pneumomediastinum was revealed. It was found that spontaneous mediastinal emphysema in patients with COVID-19 signifcantly more often leads to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure and can be a predictor of negative prognosis of the disease outcome. Conclusions. Pneumomediastinum in patients with viral pneumonia caused by a new coronavirus infection is a predictor of severe disease and poor prognosis. With an increase in spontaneous mediastinal emphysema without pneumothorax, it is recommended to perform mediastinotomy according to Razumovsky’s indications, and in case of clinically signifcant concomitant pneumothorax – drainage and revision of the mediastinum.

Benign neoplasms of the colon, rectum, anus and anal canal are true neoplasia of the colon mucosa and are associated with a high risk of colorectal cancer (CC). The literature review analyzes epidemiology, risk factors, and modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, and describes priority minimally invasive interventions for benign colorectal tumors.

Familial adenomatous polyposis is one of the most difficult to diagnose diseases in medical practice, at an early stage, multiple colorectal adenomas are clinically most often not manifested in any way, and at a later stage they inevitably transform into colorectal cancer. Poor clinical manifestation rarely make it possible to establish a diagnosis before the onset of malignancy, so extraintestinal symptoms can be a lifeline in the diagnosis of this disease. Congenital retinal pigment epithelium hypertrophy is a benign tumor that develops from the retinal pigment epithelium and can occur both in an isolated form and in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis of the colon. Unfortunately, in the Russian-language clinical literature there are practically no scientific papers devoted to this problem. Clinical case of patient P., 35 years old, who was routinely admitted to the surgical unit with a diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis is presented. During the additional examination, multiple tumor-like lesions of the eyes were revealed according to the type of hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. From the anamnesis, it was found out that in 2017 the patient underwent a check-up by an ophthalmologist, where an early pathological condition was detected for the first time, but the doctor’s attention was not paid to this clinical manifestation, and the patient was not subsequently referred for a consultation with a coloproctologist with suspicion of familial adenomatous polyposis.