The article examines the problem of processing poultry waste using extrusion technology. Bird droppings contain elements necessary for plant nutrition. This chemical composition makes it a valuable organic raw material for use as organic fertilizer. However, manure requires processing before being introduced into the soil. The main goal of the study is to reduce the moisture content of the mixture of high-moisture poultry waste to a level sufficient for high-quality extrusion into fertilizer. Reducing the moisture content of the mixture is possible by mixing them with vegetable fillers. Litter components or plant waste were selected as fillers. As a result of measuring the moisture content of the components of the mixture, it was determined: poultry manure with litter (PP) turned out to be the least wet and can be used for processing by extrusion; bird droppings from young stock (PM) and bird droppings from adult birds (PV) can be used for extrusion processing when mixed with vegetable fillers in a ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 2, respectively.

The article analyzes the chemical composition of extruded buckwheat. The fatty acid composition of extruded buckwheat oil is obtained. The water-binding and fat-binding ability of extruded buckwheat was studied. The chemical composition of extruded buckwheat is compared with other components. The directions of using extruded buckwheat in brewing for the intensification of biotechnological processes are considered. Due to its high fiber content and low glycemic index, the use of extruded buckwheat can be recommended when creating a new line of fortified bakery products for diabetic purposes.

This paper proposes to upgrade the vacuum chamber of the extruder to enhance the impact of thermovacuum effect on extrudate due to dispensing air into the working volume of the vacuum chamber of the extruder. An air valve is installed in the upgraded extruder chamber. This valve allows faster removal of the wet steam with the extrudate surface. Analytical expressions, which allow determining the volumetric flow rate of intake air of the machine in the vacuum chamber and determining its influence on the basic design and technological parameters of the system, were obtained. The obtained results can be useful and taken into account in the process of subsequent theoretical studies of extruders with a vacuum chamber and will improve the efficiency of machines that perform thermal vacuum extrusion of plant materials.

Отмечено значение пшеницы как основного сырья для хлебопекарной промышленности в России. Проанализированы посевные площади и валовый сбор пшеницы в РФ в 2008-2018 годах. Исследована динамика урожайности пшеницы по регионам и в целом по стране. Рассмотрена структура производства зерна в России по видам культур. Представлен валовый сбор и урожайность пшеницы в основных регионах-производителях в 2018 году. Проанализирован валовый сбор пшеницы по категориям хозяйств. Рассмотрены проблемы при уборке пшеницы, а также при её хранении. Отмечены причины низкого качества производимой пшеницы в стране. Предложено совершенствовать систему ценообразования на пшеницу, так как формирование цены на зерно происходит без учета оптимального отношения к качеству зерна, что не отражает объективности и соразмерности затрат. Отмечено, что оптимизация природных, экономических, организационных и технико-технологических факторов, влияющих на производство высококачественной пшеницы, позволит повысить её конкурентоспособность на мировом рынке и увеличить экспортный потенциал. Дан прогноз о том, что за счет повышения конкурентоспособности российского зерна на мировом рынке, путем снижения совокупных издержек, включая логистические, и улучшения качества зерна к 2030 году прогнозируется повышение доли Российской Федерации на рынках десяти ведущих стран-потребителей российской пшеницы до 43, что составит 32,5 млн. тонн.Wheat is a main important raw material for the baking industry in Russia. An analysis of crop areas and gross wheat output in the Russian Federation in 2008-2018 has been made. The dynamics of wheat productivity in the regions and in the whole country has been studied. The pattern of grain production by types of crops in Russia has been considered. The gross yield and wheat productivity in the main producing regions in 2018 are presented.The gross output of wheat according to farm types has been analyzed. The problems of wheat harvesting, as well as its storage are considered. The reasons for the low quality of wheat produced in the country are noted. It is proposed to improve the wheat pricing system, as the formation of grain prices does not take into account the optimal ratio to the quality of grain, which does not reflect the objectivity and proportionality of costs. It is noted that the optimization of natural, economic, organizational and technological factors, that affect the production of high-quality wheat, will increase its competitiveness in the world market and increase export potential. A forecast has been given, that through increase of the competitiveness of Russian grain in the world market, through reducing total costs, logistics included, and improving grain quality, by 2030 an increase is expected in the share of the Russian Federation in the markets of the ten leading countries consuming Russian wheat up to 43, which will amount to 32.5 million tons.

The development of the bakery products enriched with food fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytalbumin, mineral substances and also vitamins and flavonoids (Silymarinum) through the use of extruded mixture of holy thistle seeds and wheat grain is considered in the article. The mixture of holy thistle seeds and wheat grain in the ratio of 1:4 was processed for 10-15 seconds at a temperature of 100-105 ° C by means of the modernized one-screw press extruder (CMH - 2U).