Caesarean section (CS) is the most commonly performed surgical operation in the world. Since its introduction in obstetric practice, caesarean section rates have continuously increased in both developed and developing countries. A substantial proportion of this increment was due to unnecessary operations attributable to nonevidencebased indications, professional convenience, maternal request, and overmedicalisation of childbirth. The review examines current data on operative abdominal delivery in the world.

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The content of amino acids — sources of gasotransmitters and the activity of enzymes of their metabolism have been studied in the placenta and amniotic fluid in full-term and complicated by preterm birth (PB). Determination of amino acids was carried out using an automatic analyzer; specific spectrophotometric methods were used to assess the activity of enzymes. The development of PB is accompanied by changes in the amino acid level already in the second trimester of pregnancy. Correlation of differently directions was found between the level of amino acids and the activity of the corresponding enzymes. The imbalance of amino acids in the fetoplacental system in PB is accompanied by a change in the production of their low molecular weight derivatives gas transmitters (NO, CO, H2S), which play an important role in the regulation of numerous metabolic processes.

Актуальность проблемы сколиотической болезни определяется не только распространенностью заболевания и низким качеством жизни при данной патологии, но и возможностью консервативного и хирургического лечения тяжелых форм сколиоза для предотвращения прогрессирования расстройств жизненно важных органов, восстановления физической активности и психического статуса пациента. Из за отсутствия стандартных условий при проведении анестезии трудно высказаться в пользу того или иного метода. С целью полноценной защиты больных от операционной травмы в разные годы предлагались и использовались: комбинированная анестезия, потенцированная анестезия, нейролептанальгезия, диссоциативная анестезия. Однако наряду с положительными качествами, всем им присущи определенные недостатки, не позволяющие добиться идеальной защиты больных. Ключевые слова: сколиоз, операция, анестезия.The urgency of the problem of scoliotic disease is determined not only by its prevalence and low life quality in this con dition, but also by the possibility of medical and surgical treatments for severe forms of scoliosis to prevent progressive disturbances of vital organs, to restore physical activity, and mental status in the patient. Due to the absence of stan dard conditions during anesthesia, it is difficult to speak in favor of this or that method. Combined anesthesia, potenti ated anesthesia, neuroleptic analgesia, dissociative anesthesia have been proposed and used in different years for more adequate protection of patients from surgical injury. However, along with their positive characteristics, they all had cer tain shortcomings that cannot achieve patients' ideal protection.