The work represents the results of research into the issues of radiation materials science. The foundation of modern science and technology is the production of materials with predictable properties. In this regard, much attention is paid to issues related to the synthesis and growth of crystalline substances. The luminescent properties of quartz crystals grown on neutron-irradiated seeds were studied by the methods of gamma luminescence, thermo luminescence and thermal de-excitation. It has been established that in neutron-irradiated seeds and quartz crystals grown on them, there are defect centers belonging to the β-phase of quartz. The dependences of the concentration of these centers and β - phase on the neutron fluency correlate well with each other. A direct proof of the mechanism of the α - β-transition in quartz under neutron irradiation has been obtained.

In this article, the theoretical and methodological foundations for the use of an automated control system for drip irrigation of crops are considered. The analyzed system is automated through integration, which allows controlling the entire irrigation process through a control device with controllers, shows the main elements of the drip irrigation system that carry out complete controlling and the procedure for moistening the soil and fertilizing, presents a functional diagram of the automated system for regulating soil moisture, as well as pressure in the pipeline, mathematical modeling of water consumption of crops under drip and combined irrigation is considered, the influencing factors that require regulation, which will ensure the management of plant development are shown. The complexity of the simulated system “Plant-moisture-soil-atmosphere-solar radiation” and its subsystems are explained by a large number of interrelated factors of various nature and requires the construction of numerical schemes, computer simulation using various computer programs.

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