The present study was conducted to evaluate diclazuril at the recommended and its two folds doses (1 & 2 ppm), flavomycin at 75 gm/ton and their combinations on the immune response in chickens vaccinated with IBD vaccine. Diclazuril displayed a dose dependent immunity suppression. In the recommended dose, it did not harm the bird immunity. While, in double recommended dose, it significantly suppressed the chicken immune response to IBD virus vaccine. The depressed response was reflected as a decreased bursal weight, skin hypersensitivity, total leucocytic count, lymphocyte count, antibody titer, serum protein and serum globulins. While, flavomycin at 75 gm/ton had no detectable effect on the bird immune response to IBD virus vaccine. The combinations between diclazuril (as an anticoccidial drug) and flavomycin (as a growth promotor) have no drug interaction in our experiment.

Two hundered and twenty chicken eggs were utilized in this experiment. The eggs were randomly divided into two main groups; the first dipped group includes 100 fertile eggs, which was subdivided into 5 subgroups, each of 20 fertile eggs. Two subgroups were dipped in Biocid-30 diluted 1:300 for one and 5 minutes respectively. Another two subgroups were dipped in Biocid-30 diluted 1:400 for one and 5 minutes respectively. The last subgroup was used as control and dipped for 5 minutes in distilled water. The second main inoculated group contains 120 fertile eggs and subdivided into three subgroups. The first one (50 eggs) inoculated intra air sac by Biocid-30 diluted (1:300), while the second subgroup (50 eggs) treated in the same manner with Biocid-30 diluted 1:400. The last 20 eggs were inoculated with sterile saline solution and considered as a control group. Treatments were done at the first day of incubation, which carried out at 37 C°. On 21 st day of incubation, all eggs under study were examined and chicks were investigated for teratogenicity. The results showed marked decrease in hatchability, livability and chick size in all treated subgroups. Also there was a significant increase in dead and resorped chicks percents in all dilutions and periods. The teratological studies revealed a high percentage of skeletal malformations in all treatments especially in inoculation group which show incomplete ossification of frontal and carpus bones, beside absence of patella, curled caudal and pygostyle vertebrae. Concerning visceral abnormalities, the organs size was reduced especially liver with absence of nasal septum and conchae in addition to absence of palatine shelf.

Background: Adult scoliosis is a common spine deformity. It is very debilitating to daily activities of the patients. Surgical management requires a clear assessment of the functional impact of scoliosis, the failure of conservative treatments and precise analysis of radiological investigations (full spine views, dynamic X-rays and MRI). The back pain was the main complaint as it was the main presentation. The aim of the work is to assess the outcomes of surgical procedures in patients with adult scoliosis. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 30 patients with adult scoliosis with cobb angel more than 10 degrees. Surgical techniques (anterior and posterior approaches, decompression, osteotomies, fusion, and instrumentation) done and tailored to each patient. Decompression alone found usually not enough, fusion needed almost in all cases. Results: Patient disability using Oswestry disability index assessed before and after intervention.  Also a good, accepted change achieved as 15 patients restore about 75% of their abilities ,7 patients restore more than 50% of their usual ability,3 patients restore about 25% of their usual ability. Cobb’s angel before intervention was 6 cases < 60 degrees,14 cases between 50 and 60 degrees and 10 cases between 40 and 50 degrees became 14 cases between 10 and 0 degrees, and 10 cases between 10 and 20 degrees. Surgical treatment of adult scoliosis is associated with a better quality of life for patients when good selection of the patient and maneuvers done. Visual analogue scale before and postoperative, and three and six months later detect ,a good result achieved, As VAS before intervention was ; 20 patients from 9 to 10,9 patients from 6 to 8, one patient from 3 to 5. VAS post-operative after sex months became only four patients from 6 to 8, twenty four patients from 3 to 5and only two patients from 0 to 2. Conclusions: Surgical management of adult scoliosis become more applicable, Spine managed as one unit, Correction of coronal and sagittal malalignment done together, Do not neglect one of them. Using both free hand , c arm and even navigator when needed help in good outcomes and complications avoidance, management strategy differ according many factors, The technique requires proper selection of cases before surgery and meticulous attention during surgery to identify the correct starting point, screw orientation and screw length selection. Surgical outcomes of adult scoliosis clinical, radiological and neurological outcome were satisfied without major complications.