Field trials were conducted in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 growing seasons at Giza Agricultural Research Station to evaluate powdery mildew (PM) severity on nine flax cultivars. Tested cultivars could be classified into five distinct groups, i.e., highly susceptible (Corland and C.I. 2008), susceptible (Giza 7 and Marshall), moderately susceptible (Cass), moderately resistant (Dakota, Koto and Wilden) and resistant (Ottowa 770B). They showed considerable variation in PM severity ranging from 8.1 on Ottowa 770B to 97.0% infected leaves/plant on Cortland. Total soluble proteins, total phenols, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, ascorbic acid, tocopherol and malondialdehyde were determined in infected leaves of the tested cultivars. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the degree of association between PM severity and each biochemical component. All components showed significant (P<0.05) or highly significant (P<0.01) negative correlation with PM severity except MDA, which showed positive correlation (P<0.01). The results of the present study suggest that phenols and MDA in infected leaves could be used to assist the screening of resistant plants at early stages of powdery mildew development.

Eight bread wheat cultivars were used to study some earliness and yield and its component traits. The parental cultivars were employed to produce 28 F 1 hybrids following 8 x 8 half Diallel crossing without reciprocals. The seeds of 28 F 1 hybrids and their parents were planted to estimate mean squares due to parents and their crosses which were significant for all studied traits. The parental variety P 3 was the best parent for earliness. However, P 8 was the best for remained traits. The crosses (P 1 x P 4) and (P 2 x P 4) were the best combinations for earliness traits, while the six crosses were the best for remained traits. Highly significant negative desirable heterotic effects were detected for earliness, on the contrary for remained traits relative to mid and better parent. The mean squares associated with general and specific combining abilities detected significant and highly significant estimates for all studied traits. Results indicated that P 4 (Sids12) was good combiner for earliness traits and most of yield and its component traits. The best cross combinations displayed fair amount of SCA effect were obtained from (P 2 x P 4) and (P 4 x P 5) for earliness traits, the six crosses for remained traits. The graphical analysis Wr/Vr indicated the importance of over dominance gene effects in controlling all traits. The results indicated the importance of additive and dominance genetic variances in controlling these traits. The "a" item was significant for most studied traits and more than "b" item. Narrow sense heritability was less than (0.50) for all traits except plant height trait (0.80). Positive alleles were not equally distributed among parents (H 2 /4H 1 ≠ 0.25) for all studied traits. The magnitude of dominance (H 1 /H 2) was significant or highly significant higher than additive components (D) for all traits, expect plant height trait. All estimates of environmental variance (E) were positive significant and highly significant for all studied traits indicating that all studied traits have greatly affected by environmental factors.

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The present research work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of five different products, two biocides (abamectin and protecto), two synthetic chemical products (methomyl and chlorpyrifos) and one mineral oil (Kzoil) against some piercing-sucking insect pests attacking cotton plants and their side effects on the associated predators. The experiment was conducted during 2017season at Kafr ElShenhab village, Mansoura district by using cotton variety Giza94. From results were obtained, it is obvious that methomyl and chlorpyrifos were more effective as initial kill (72.2 and68.2%), (66.4 and51.9%) and (60.1 and78.9%) for aphid, whitefly and predators respectively. But Kz-oil (61.4%) and abamectin (62.9%) were more effective against jassid and spider mites respectively as initial kill% (after 24hrs. of treatment) effect, whereas a moderate or less initial kill effect ranged from32.7 to 51.9% was recorded for the other products. In contrast, abamectin, protecto and Kz-oil were more safety against associated predators as initial kill as follows: 12.2, 9.5and 12.5%respectively. With respect of residual mean and general mean effect, abamectin, protecto and Kz-oil were relatively highly effective against aphids (65.0,63.3 and 61.6%) as residual mean and (61.8, 60.4,and59.5%) as general mean effect and against jassids by moderate effect (50.3, 51.4 and57.7%) as residual mean and (48.7, 48.3 and58.3%) as general mean effect respectively. While other tested products recorded a weak effect as residual mean and general mean effect against all piercing sucking insects except both methomyl and chlorpyrifos were highly effective against predators (78.0 and48.9%) and (75.0 and53.9%) as residual mean and general mean effect respectively.

White coats worn by professionals in the medical field (students of health) or the work in the laboratory (students of Science), goal protect clothing from microbes. In this study was determined the type of microbial contamination on the white coats and the potential risks of microbes. The study was done by a questionnaire for students and samples swabs of coats for 80 students from the Fac. of Health and Science. The results explained the presence of pathogenic bacteria causing inflammatory and dimples contaminated white coats, such as Erysipelothrio rhusiopathiae causing the h time skin, Micrococcus luteues causing chronic inflammatory skin ; bacterial meningitis and blood contamination unidentified Organism and Kocuria kristinae causing infections of the urinary tract infections, gallbladder and opportunistic bacteria and the spread of nosocomial infections, one of opportunistic pathogens. As well as recorded high proportion of serious fungi that cause various diseases and contamination of food such as Aspergillus niger ; Helminthosporium spp, Fusarium SPP, and Alternaria alternate . This study suggests that a large proportion of white coats may be a carrier of serious morbidity among female students in colleges is different, especially when not . There are laws and regulations in organizing wear these coats and the way to carry and learn how the daily cleaning of .