Direct seeded rice is a boon to farmers where the water release from the reservoir is delayed. Nitrogen fertiliser management is one of the strategies bto rectify the nutrient-related issue in Direct seeded rice. The present study aimed to optimize the nitrogen dose for direct-seeded rice in the new and old Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu. Field experiments were conducted during kuruvai and samba seasons at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai and Agricultural research station Thanjavur representing old and new Cauvery delta regions during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Totally from eight experiments, the results of four field experiments in each location revealed the highest grain yield in the treatment T6 -application of 150 kg Nha-1 (5596kg/ha) which was statistically on par with treatment T5 -125kg N/ha (5326 kg/ha) in old delta and new delta. The higher grain yield was recorded in the T6 (5140 kg/ha), statistically on par with T5 (4550 kg/ha). The higher available nitrogen content of 312 kg/ ha,292 kg/ha was recorded for N application @ 150kg/ha, which was statistically on par with  309 kg/ha and 289 kg/ha, respectively, both the kuruvai and samba seasons for N application of 125 kg/ha. In the new CDZ, the same trend was followed as that of the old delta. Based on economics, N applied @125 kg/ha recorded a higher BC ratio for direct-seeded rice. For the benefit of farmers of both deltaic regions, the nitrogen application of 125 kg ha-1 for direct-seeded rice is recommended.

Tourism has been recognized as a delight for attraction, accommodation, culture, recreation, and more. The tourism industry has become a major source of revenue for many businesses and for nations as a whole as part of the service sector. The unusual outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is the sole disruptive circumstance for the last several months. Due to the unprecedented situation, there is a chance for new travel trends to emerge in the nation. This chapter describes the emerging new normal tourism and travel trends like a staycation, wellness and spa tourism, virtual tourism, sustainable travel, eco-tourism, vaccine tourism, and also aims at finding tourist preferences of destinations from the new travel trends post pandemic. Travellers today would like to visit destinations consisting of nature protected regions, which are termed sustainable travel, to satisfy their ecotravel, money value, private space, social distance, security, accessibility, and cleanliness needs.

Abstract-Information security has become an important issue, in the field of networking and in the emerging technologies like cloud computing. Cloud computing has become the modern alternative approach of sharing the computational resources around the globe. Though there is a hike in this trend, security of the outsourced data has become the most challenging issue. Thus securing of the data under communication as well as in the storage, is vital. Different approaches have been proposed by several researchers for enhancing the security thorough a combined technique of rich encryption and steganography. Also it has been accepted that Biometric identification is the best way of authenticating the owner of the data. For biometric identification finger prints, iris, palm, face and other personal information's can be used as unique ID's as a proof of authentication. The idea is to secure transformation and to maintenance of data. On the other side, image steganography has been proved to have better features in terms of security, capacity, robustness and integrity than the other types of information hiding techniques. In order to provide the security in the cloud computing it is must to have a clear understanding of the cloud computing, its environment, the architecture, various security concerns, the existing breach holes and an in-depth analysis of image steganography. Thus combining image steangography with biometrics and most advanced cryptographic and compression techniques, a more suitable and robust technique can be modelled for providing a better solution to the said problem.

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Promoting organized retail in India was initiated by the Government of India in 2006 by opening up single brand retailing to FDI. The international players are allowed to enter into the Indian retail market through five entry routes Viz., franchising, joint venture, manufacturing, cash and carry wholesale trading and distribution. The value of the retail segment is expected to grow from an estimated INR 22.53 trn in 2012 to INR 27.73 trn by 2016.This paper seeks to discuss about the pros and Cons of "Wal-Mart effect" on the Indian economy by justifying the economic rationale for the need for FDI in retail sector. It also focuses on the externalities and the spillovers that would be experienced in the Indian market due to liberalization of FDI in retail sector and stresses upon certain preconditions that have to be recommended by the DIPP for the smooth functioning of the economy.