Haplotypes would be good indicators of the clinical status and the treatment response in bipolar and schizophrenic patients. Larger studies are required to elucidate the clinical usefulness of these findings.

Aims:The medium stay unit of the hospital of Zamudio is a psychiatric hospitalization unit where serious patients are admitted, specially those with psychotic and affective disorders. The complexity of the pathology extends the average stay of hospitalization with an average of 60 days to improve.There are 2 derivation units from which medium stay takes patients:•Short stay unit from the Hospital of Cruces;•Short stay unit from the Hospital of Zamudio.Methods:It is analyzed, retrospecitvely, the profile of patients in a medium stay unit comparing the derivation unit they come from in 2007.Results and conlusions:There are no statistically significant differences in the number of patients derived from the diverse units.The sociodemographic and administrative profile of the patients is similar in both groups: a single middle aged (between 45-50 years old) that is hospitalized knowlingly (63%). The average stay at hospital is 55 days.Attending to the clinical profile we concluded that patients derived from the Hospital of Zamudio suffer from Bipolar disorder as main diagnosis. The rest of disorders remain similar comparing both units.

Introduction:Fibromyalgia is an entity that affects approximately 2% of the population, mainly women.According to many studies, approximately half of women with fibromyalgia have a history of traumatic events during childhood or adulthood.Affective disorders before and after fibromyalgia diagnosis are particularly frequent.Materials and methods:Comprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Psychoinfo, Medex) on psychiatric comorbidity in women diagnosed with fibromyalgia published over the last three years.Results:40-60% of women diagnosed with fibromyalgia report sexual abuse during childhood or adulthood; A higher percentage of women (over 70%) report other kinds of physical or emotional trauma.Fibromyalgia has been linked to mood disorders in 50-70% of patients. More precisely, it appears in combination with major depression in 20% of cases. To a lesser but still noteworthy extent, women with fibromyalgia are also diagnosed with dysthymia, anxiety disorders, phobias or panic disorders.Conclusion:Despite the common characteristics of these patients there is no such thing as a “fibromyalgic personality”.As for comorbidity, mood disorders are highly prevalent, more specifically depression, even though no direct relationship has been established between them. Fibromyalgia symptoms are more acute in patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders.

Introduction:Fibromyalgia is an entity with idiopathic etiology affecting 2-4% of population. It is a frequent cause of disability, its most usual symptoms being diffuse pain and fatigue. There is evidence that alterations in several chemical and hormonal factors could explain changes in pain perception mechanisms, accounting for some of the symptoms. However, the high incidence of comorbid psychiatric disorders tends to indicate there is an associated psychopathology in fibromyalgia patients, especially regarding affectivity. Some authors believe fibromyalgia could be considered an evolution of the concept of neurasthenia already defined by Beard in 1860.Materials and methods:Comprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Psychoinfo, Medex) on fibromyalgia and pain mechanisms published over the last three years.Results:Mood regulation has been linked to pain perception through neurotransmitters and brain structures. Also, several studies state that depression changes the neuroendocrine, immune and processing regulation of pain.However, some researchers believe there is enough evidence for a psychiatric approach to fibromyalgia, as there is a relationship between depression and fibromyalgia. Thus, fibromyalgia could be considered an affective disorder.Conclusion:Current research does not clearly show whether pain precedes affective alteration or the other way round, or whether mood and pain depend on common mechanisms.

IntroductionThe presence of an extra X-chromosome, also known as Klinefelter's Syndrome, occurs in approximately 1 in 500 live male births. Epidemiological studies have reported an increased vulnerability to psychiatric disturbances in this group of patients and suggest that the X chromosome may be involved in the aetiology.Material and MethodsComprehensive review of the scientific literature (Medline, Ovid) on Psychiatric pathology in Klinefelter's Syndrome published over the last 20 years.ResultsThis is a case report of a 27 year-old-male with Klinefelter's Syndrome confirmed by karyotyping (XXY), suffering from different neuropsychiatric disorders, such as mental retardation, dyslexia, ADHD and social dysfunctioning. Since the age of 16 he has required multiple psychiatric hospitalizations due to his impulse control difficulties and exaggerated mood swings.This case raises the question of whether Klinefelter's syndrome patients are predisposed to psychiatric pathology (including Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa or social-emotional processing) at a genetic level.ConclusionsReviews of the neuropsychiatric problems associated with Klinefelter's Syndrome confirm an association between disorders in this area and the chromosomal abnormality. Further studies are needed to identify involvement of X-linked epigenetic influence and susceptibility to several psychiatric diseases.