Turkey is one of the main genetic centers for fig tree, Ficus carica L. The genetic variabilities of 76 fig accessions from Hatay province of Turkey were evaluated by analysis of 10 simple sequence repeats (SSR) loci. The number of alleles revealed by SSR analysis ranged from 3 to 12 alleles per locus with a mean value of 6.8. A total of 68 alleles were detected by SSR and the average heterozygosity was higher than the expected one. In addition, seven random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers detected a total of 68 clear and reproducible bands, 55 of which were polymorphic, so it was possible to effectively characterize these fig accessions with either marker techniques. In both marker systems, Mantel's correlation between similarity scores and cophenetic values was moderately high (0.90 for RAPD and 0.87 for SSR), which demonstrated that the clustering patterns fitted the data well. The clusters obtained using these types of markers were independent. This study indicated that there is great genetic variability among local fig accessions, making them a valuable genetic source for incorporation into potential breeding programs especially for table fig selections.Additional key words: Ficus carica; genetic diversity; RAPD; SSR.
Resumen
Caracterización molecular de accesiones autóctonas de higo de TurquíaTurquía es uno de los principales centros genéticos de la higuera, Ficus carica L. Se evaluó, mediante análisis de 10 loci de microsatélites o repeticiones de secuencias simples (SSR), la variabilidad genética de 76 accesiones de higuera muestreadas en la provincia Hatay de Turquía. El número de alelos revelados por análisis SSR varió de 3 a 12 por locus con una media de 6,8; se detectaron en total 68 alelos y la heterocigosidad promedio fue mayor que la heterocigosidad esperada. Además, siete cebadores RAPD detectaron un total de 68 bandas claras y reproducibles, de las cuales 55 fueron polimórficas, por lo que estas accesiones de higuera pudieron ser eficazmente caracterizadas utilizando ambas técnicas. Tanto con SSRs como con RAPDs, la similitud y las correlaciones cofenéticas mediante la prueba de Mantel fueron moderadamente altas (0,90 para RAPD y 0,87 para SSR), lo que demuestra que los patrones de agrupamiento se ajustan bien a los datos. Los grupos obtenidos con este tipo de marcadores fueron independientes. Este estudio encontró una gran variabilidad genética entre accesiones autóctonas de higuera, lo que las hace una fuente valiosa para su incorporación potencial en programas de mejora, especialmente para higos de mesa.
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