State regulation and support of the agricultural sector is a complex and evolving network of government interventions in production markets, resource markets, trade, investment in public goods, renewable and depletable natural resources, regulation of externalities, and marketing and distribution of food products. The purpose of this article is to formulate a conceptual vision of agricultural development and state regulation of the agrarian sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article presents 5 sections, which will reflect views on the main directions of the agrarian sector in the economy of Kazakhstan: 1) main microeconomic indicators; 2) financing of the agricultural sector; 3) support of agriculture; 4) main policy instruments; 5) recent changes in policy; 6) conceptual vision of agricultural development. The object of the research in this article is the agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan. The paper assesses the main indicators of development of the agroindustrial complex, evaluates the state financial support, analyzes the current state of livestock, fish farming, crop production. The work uses a systematic approach to the selection of data, methods of quantitative and qualitative study of reality, methods of economic, statistical and comparative analysis as a methodological tool for solving problems. The analytical part of the paper is based on the official statistical data on agriculture, published on the website of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the World Bank, OECD data. The authors believe that political and economic achievements shed light on the conditions under which future welfare-enhancing agricultural and food policy reforms may be feasible.