No abstract

The aim of this study was to provide preliminary normative guidelines for the use of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (English administration) for South African Eastern Cape Xhosa-speaking adults (n=31), aged 18–32, with 12years of disadvantaged quality of education. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition normative indications were compared with those from an equivalent population on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition. The substitution of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition core subtests with supplemental subtests was also investigated. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition findings were broadly equivalent, indicating a lowering of 20–25 intelligence quotient points compared with the US standardisation. The use of supplemental subtests revealed improved outcome on all four Index scores. It is concluded that practitioners can gainfully advance to the use of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition with this educationally disadvantaged African first language population, on the proviso that the extent of lowering relative to the US standardisation is taken into consideration.

No abstract

Incidence studies confirm that concussion is a common feature characterising the contact sports. Whilst it is self-evident that boxing is associated with repeated head insults, the degree to which this is an aspect of the field contact sports of football, soccer and rugby needs to be more fully acknowledged. Research on the incidence of concussion among American university-level football and soccer players during REvIEW ARTIClEEthically we can no longer sit on the fence -a neuropsychological perspective on the cerebrally hazardous contact sports Abstract Background and objective. The number of male and female contact sport participants is increasing worldwide. The aim of the review is to discuss the potential for deleterious sequelae of sports concussion (mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)), and management thereof.

Incidence studies confirm that concussion is a common feature characterising the contact sports. Whilst it is self-evident that boxing is associated with repeated head insults, the degree to which this is an aspect of the field contact sports of football, soccer and rugby needs to be more fully acknowledged. Research on the incidence of concussion among American university-level football and soccer players during REvIEW ARTIClEEthically we can no longer sit on the fence -a neuropsychological perspective on the cerebrally hazardous contact sports Abstract Background and objective. The number of male and female contact sport participants is increasing worldwide. The aim of the review is to discuss the potential for deleterious sequelae of sports concussion (mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI)), and management thereof.