No abstract

This research work intends to examine the resource allocation issues within the hybrid multi‐carrier non‐orthogonal multiple access (MC‐NOMA) systems, which includes the NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) modes. This is exploited to attain the energy efficiency (EE) and spectral efficiency (SE) tradeoff with the minimum rate requirements of users. The entire degree of freedom that is incorporated within the resource allocation comprised user clustering, power allocation, choice of multiple access (MA) modes, and subcarrier assignment as well. This work mainly focuses on the resource allocation issue having every minimum rate requirement of users for the SE‐EE tradeoff in hybrid MC‐NOMA systems. Moreover, this work aims to make this possible with the incorporation of the optimisation aspect since it is the most significant way of solving multi‐objective problems. Here, the resource allocation along with power allocation seems to be the crucial fact that is modelled or designed as the single‐objective problem. Thereby, the subcarriers, and powers are optimally allocated by means of a new algorithm named Lion algorithm with Probabilistic Mating, which is the modification of the Lion algorithm. Finally, the performance of the proposed work is compared over other state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of cost analysis.