Trypanosoma is a hemoflagellate protozoan that infects a variety of animal species and is transmitted in different ways. It is a zoonosis and anthropozoonosis of great importance in veterinary medicine. The present work aims to describe the clinical and laboratory alterations in a free-living dog in a rural area, infected by Trypanosoma spp, treated in the municipality of Sinop, north of Mato Grosso. Blood samples were collected for blood count, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, creatinine, creatine kinase concentrations. The results found were a normochromic microcytic anemia, lymphopenia, trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma spp. ALT and creatinine measurements were normal, but the serum creatine kinase level was above normal limits. Imidocarb dipropionate at a dose of 7 mg / kg subcutaneously in a single dose was prescribed.

Anemia is defined as the presence of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration and/or hematocrit below the reference values, leading to death if not treated. It is manifested clinically in the presence of pale mucosae, dyspnea, exercise intolerance and increased heart rate due to reduced tissue oxygenation. The aim of this study was to classify the anemia according to the medullar response in regenerative with weak, moderate or intense release and non-regenerative with null response, correlating with its possible causes by reticulocyte count. Thus, 50 blood samples from anemic dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop Campus, were evaluated. After collection, blood smears were prepared for reticulocyte counting using supravital staining. Of the 50 animals evaluated, 54% (27/50) showed non-regenerative anemia with null response (<60,000 cells/μL), 36% (18/50) showed regeneration with weak release (60,000 to 150,000 cells/μL) and 10% (5/50) presented moderate to intense regeneration (>150,000 cells/μL). In conclusion, in this study was observed a predominance of non-regenerative anemia and a lower incidence of responsive anemia; the medullary response was more evident in hemoparasitosis anemia and non-regenerative anemia occurred mainly in animals with renal insufficiency, possibly due to insufficient production of erythropoietin