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Abstract-A compact 2 × 1 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna system is designed to operate in the LTE band 40 (2.3-2.4) GHz. The proposed antenna consists of two circular patches fed using microstrip line. The antenna was initially designed to resonate at 5 GHz. Size reduction of 55.17% compared to conventional patch antenna is obtained after the inclusion of circular complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) in the ground plane. The resonating frequency was shifted to 2.34 GHz, thereby the board size is compact (50 × 25 × 1.6 mm 3 ). The designed antenna covers a bandwidth of 2.3 to 2.374 GHz with a maximum return loss of −27 dB at 2.34 GHz and isolation of −33.5 dB between the ports. The simulated correlation coefficient is approximately zero, and the total active reflection coefficient is 0.142 at the resonating frequency which are within the acceptable limits. The realized gain for the antenna is −8.9 dB.

The use of generic drugs reduces healthcare expenditures, especially for those of lower socio‐economic status. This research employs a descriptive research design and utilizes a cross‐sectional survey to investigate the behavioral intention of patients toward generic medicines, supported by the theory of planned behavior. A structured instrument was used to gather data from 410 respondents who were aware of and consuming generic medicines. A structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed with the semopy library in Python programming. The results demonstrate that all the constructs, namely, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in relation to buying generic medicines, have a significant relationship with behavioral intention to purchase generic medicines. Among all three constructs, perceived behavioral control has the strongest link with behavioral intention. Furthermore, family monthly medical expenses moderate the relationship between all three constructs of planned behavior and behavioral intention. This study could help healthcare professionals and policymakers to understand consumer intention and design information and educational programs accordingly to increase the awareness and usage of generic medicines. The outcome indicates that consumers prefer to purchase generic medicines due to the similar active ingredients, dosage, side effects, and effectiveness, as well as the low cost compared to branded ones.

Due to bandwidth and time limits, delivering high-quality video streaming facility offers real-time wireless networks, but assuring quality of experience (QoE) is rather difficult. A network host can deliver its data stream via numerous different network pathways. At the same time, using multipath data transmission, where video streaming may be supplied through Internet protocols (IPs) as well as broadband with bidirectional communication between video sources and consumers, is one way to address this difficult problem. In this work, a novel framework is developed for wireless heterogeneous networks for video streaming applications using concurrent multipath transfer (CMT). The performance of frame-level delay can be enhanced for better video quality using this proposed method. The network congestion on end-to-end path utilised in CMT is not dependent of one another, and we operate under prior assumption that receiver’s announced window does not limit the sender. The analytical results show that the proposed framework outperforms existing methods in terms of performance with minimum retransmission delay.

Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificially built materials intended to give its properties from the internal structure, rather than the chemical composition found in natural materials. Electric permittivity (ε) and magnetic permeability (μ) are the two basic parameters which describe the electromagnetic property of a material or medium. Permittivity describes how a material is affected when it is placed in electric field. And permeability describes how a material is affected in presence of magnetic field. Metamaterials may have either negative permittivity or permeability or both may be negative simultaneously. The concept of metamaterials has additionally been utilized to design different kinds of patches with upgraded performance, such as improved gain and enhanced efficiency. Also, it has been utilized for the scaling down of patches. Two parameters are utilized in the collected works for antennas using metamaterials. We can adjust the refractive index of the metamaterial to positive, near-zero or negative values. Utilization of epsilon negative, MNG (μ - Mu negative) or DNG (double negative) are called metamaterial- based antennas and the use of metamaterial unit cell for example complementary split ring resonator, split ring resonator and so on are alluded as metamaterial inspired antennas. The design of complementary split ring resonator and its equivalent circuit will be discussed in this work. CSRR (complementary split ring resonator) provides both isolation enhancement and miniaturization for MIMO antenna.