Substitutional CN-defects in the sodium-, potassium-and rubidium-chlorides, -bromides, and iodides are investigated a t low temperatures (2 to 8 K ) under electric fields E of different symmetry for their field-induced birefringence An@) (Kerr-effect). I n all nine crystal systems, a paraelectric Kerr-effect is found with a pronounced anisotropy giving evidence for (111) CN-symmetry in the six potassium-andrubidium-halides, and (100) symmetry in the three sodium-halides. Under increase of the CN-concentration, anisotropic birefringence effects appear (without field) under cooling of the crystals, indicating low temperature ordering of interacting CN-dipole clusters.Substitutionelle CN--Storstellen in Natrium-, Kalium-and Rubidiumchloriden, -bromiden und -jodiden werden bei tiefen Temperaturen unter elektrischen Feldern verschiedener Symmetrie auf ihre feldinduzierte Doppelbrechung (Kerr-Effekt) untersucht. I n allen neun Kristallsystemen wird ein paraelektrischer Kerreffekt gefunden, dessen Anisotropie eine (111)-Symmetrie des CNfur Kalium-und Rubidiumhelogenide, und eine (100)-Symmetrie fur Natriumhalogenide zeigt. Unter zunehmender CN--Konzentration treten beim Abkuhlen spontan (ohne Feld) anisotrope Doppelbrechungseffekte in den Kristallen auf, die Ordnungsprozesse von wechselwirkenden Dipolclustern bei tiefen Temperaturen zeigen.
The electro-birefringence effects are discussed and produced in an (electro-optically inactive) cubio crystal by the presence of electric dipole defects which are alignable by electric fields. Based on the electronic polarizability tensor of the defects and their paraelectric alignment functions, expressions for the field-induced birefringence (Kerr or Pockels effect) can be derived for all interesting symmetries of dipoles, electric fields, and light-geometry, and their connectionsby Kramers-Kronig relationsto elect,ro-dichroism can be given. Various methods for electrobirefringence measurements with dc, ac, dc + ac, and birefringence-bias techniques producing linear, quadratic, and quartic E-dependence of the electro-optical effect are discussed. The derived behavior is illustrated by experimental examples selected from Kerr effect measurements on CNdefects in alkali halides.Die feldinduzierte Doppelbrechung in kubischen Kristallen mit elektrischen Dipol-Stdrstellen wird diskutiert. Quantitative Ausdriicke fur den Kerr-und Pockels-Effekt (basierend auf dem Polarisierbarkeitstensor und der paraelektrischen Ausrichtfunktion der SMrstellen) werden fiir alle interessierenden Dipol-, Feld-und Lichtgeometrien angegeben, mitsamt ihrer Kramers-Kronig-Beziehung zum feldinduzierten Dichroismus. Verschiedene MeBmethoden mit Gleichspannungs-, Wechselspannungs-, Gleich-und Wechselspannungs-nnd ,,Doppelbrechungs-Vorspannangs"-Technik, die lineare, quadratische und quartische Feldabhangigkeit erzeugen, werden diskutiert. Das abgeleitete Verhalten wird illustriert mit experimentellen Beispielen von Kerr-Effekt-Messungen an CN--Stdrstellen in Alkali-Halogeniden.
A novel approach to the impurity dipole relaxation in polar solids is described in which the dipole reorientational sites are formed by an appropriate electron—phonon coupling interaction. The electronic states used for a two‐site formulation are defined as ones pertaining to the impurity and/or the associated intrinsic point defect. The theory takes into account the adiabaticity of the electron transfer in addition to the barrier‐controlled ionic tunneling. It compares favorably with available experimental relaxation‐time data on alkali halides.
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