A method of performing radiation surveys of the water areas at shore bases of the naval fleet using underwater scintillation gamma spectrometers is presented as an example of work performed in the waters near the temporary storage site for radwastes and spent fuel in Gremikha. This method makes it possible to record in situ from a surface ship as well as underwater manned or unmanned vehicle the content of radionuclides in sea water. In contrast to conventional methods of monitoring the radiation conditions by means of dosimetric surveys and sampling, submersible spectrometric systems make it possible to detect and identify rapidly the source of radioactive contamination in water and bottom deposits and to determine it size, intensity, and isotopic composition. Appropriate software is used to construct from the survey results cartograms of the contamination in the regions examined, identify pathways for radionuclides to enter the waters, and evaluate the total activity of the bottom deposits.In connection with the increased attention devoted to ecological and, specifically, radio-ecological problems which have accumulated over the period that the nuclear-powered fleet was established and grew, the need for complex radio-ecological surveys of the shore bases, including the adjoining waters, is no longer ignored. Radiation surveys of dry land do not present any special difficulties and are performed using well-perfected methods, including dosimetric monitoring, gammaspectrometric surveys, and specimen and sample analysis.The process of obtaining the required information on the radio-ecological state of a water area was conventionally based on the method of first obtaining and then performing laboratory analysis on specimens of the natural media. Water samples were obtained by means of special bathometers and soil samples by means of bottom samplers or gravity tubes. After sample preparation, the radioactivity of the samples obtained was determined with a spectrometer or radiometer, ordinarily equipped with massive protection to lower the influence of the background.Sample preparation usually consists in concentrating (radiochemical, sorption and physical -usually drying or ashing) samples and requires a specially equipped laboratory, which greatly complicates a radio-ecological survey. In addition, analysis of a single specimen when determining the maximum concentration of a nuclide takes substantial time -from several hours for a dried specimen with a gamma spectrometer to several days for radiochemical analysis. We also note that in most cases the radiochemical and sorption methods are geared toward isotopes of a single element, i.e., other radionuclides are not determined. In spite of this, such methods as compared to others possess the highest sensitivity and accuracy in measurements of low concentrations. In addition, methods of radiochemical separation are often the only ones possible for determining the concentration of α and β emitters (U, Pu, and 90 Sr).