A 15-year-old donkey gelding was referred to the Equine Clinic of the Freie Universität Berlin because of acute onset of anorexia, bradycardia and multiple syncopes. The clinical examination revealed an irregular heartbeat (11-18 bpm) and syncopes. A continuous ECG revealed absence of P-waves and an irregular ventricular escape rhythm. An echocardiography revealed a pericardial effusion with reduction of left and right ventricular function. Laboratory abnormalities revealed increased troponin I, alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and symmetric as well as asymmetric dimethylarginine. Increased concentrations of the cardiac glycoside digitoxin was evident in serum. Clinical findings were consistent with myocarditis with pericardial effusion and atrial standstill. Because of increasing severity of symptoms and grave prognosis the donkey was humanely euthanized. Histopathological examination of the cardiac atria including the sinoatrial node revealed severe, subacute, diffuse, suppurative myocarditis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.