Fig. Intravenous urogram (post-micturition film) showing dilatation of the right lower ureteric segment with suspicion of a space-occupying lesion.and Mitchell, 1973), particularly when it occurs in only one limb of an incompletely duplicated ureter. Haematuria with a dilated ureter in one limb should alert the urologist to 'the diagnosis even if this warrants a laparotomy. Difficulty in diagnosis appears to be the rule rather than the exception (Bloom etal., 1970). References Bloom, N. A., Vidone, R. A. and Lytton, B. (1970). Primary carcinoma of the ureter: a report of 102 new cases. J. Urol., 103,59@598. Williams, C. B. and Mitchell, J. P. (1973). Carcinoma of the ureter-a review of 54 cases. Br.

Summary Eight cases of fatal haemoperitoneum due to liver bleeding are reported. Two followed trauma (liver biopsy and cholecystectomy). The remaining six were spontaneous, 5 being due to malignant liver disease. The sixth case due to polycystic liver disease appears to be unique. The aetiology and importance of spontaneous hepatic bleeding is discussed.

A modified method has been devised which enables the pathologist to evaluate more efficiently the seminiferous tubules and to present a more detailed histological report on testicular biopsies in patients investigated for infertility. This basically involves the production of a diagrammatic representation of the actual biopsy onto a specifically designed reporting form: a detachable prismatic arm attached to an ordinary light microscope enables the pathologist to transfer an actual outline of each of the seminiferous tubules contained in the biopsy onto this form. The seminiferous epithelium and Leydig cells are scored using the method of Johnsen. This method was evaluated using 20 consecutive biopsies. Skill in its usage was quickly acquired and it has been found to be a more clinically acceptable way of histopathological reporting, further facilitating standardization and inter-laboratory comparison.