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Abstract--Protecting the environment is becoming a major concern; people are beginning to realise that their living conditions may worsen if they do not rationalise energy use and habits. Environmental pollution and emissions from greenhouse gases caused by fossil fuel use are a threat to sustainable development. With renewable energy sources, no polluting emissions are released into the atmosphere. Therefore, using these sources on a large-scale is a key to reducing emissions and meeting the commitments established by the Kyoto Protocol. At the same time, renewable energy contributes to sustainable development. This study describes economic aspects of the repowering process for the wind farms. This process was the result of a growing demand for renewable energies, facilitated by the great potential of wind energy in the north of Spain. The wind farms studied in this work were set up before 1998 and they have obsolete machinery with low power.

This study shows the effects of wear on welded joints of ASTM A355 Gr. P11 “Seamless Ferritic Alloy-Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service” steels subjected to the welding procedures established by codes B31.1 and ASME III. The standard welding procedure establishes the following steps: a preheating process, welding and post-weld heat treatment. This generates a wear behavior that depends on the thermal cycles to which the different areas of the joint are subjected. The objective of this article was the study of the behavior against the flow-accelerated corrosion of the welded joints of a low alloy steel. There is the possibility of establishing welding procedures other than those established, while maintaining the safety ranges, depending on the field of application for the steel.

Instead of this study is to demonstrate the economic viability of this installation, through the realisation of an analysis of the subsidies, premiums and other aid that is available from public bodies that provide incentives for these projects, as well as demonstrating the economic benefits for both the company receiving the concession as well as the local water authority.