The characterization and evaluation of walnut (Juglans regia) germplasm constitute important aspects of taxonomic analysis and are valuable tools for breeding programs. In this work, a collection of 57 common walnut cultivars, mainly coming from Spain and the USA, has been studied with microsatellite markers. To carry out this work, 32 primer pairs flanking simple sequence repeats previously developed in Juglans nigra were screened to select the loci that presented high polymorphism and that were easier to score. The 19 selected microsatellite markers allowed the discrimination of the studied cultivars, with a total of 97 alleles detected and an average of 5 alleles per locus, confirming that these markers are more suitable tools for walnut identification than other molecular markers studied previously. The genetic similarity estimated from the molecular data clearly separated the Spanish walnuts from the Californian genotypes. Allelic data are presented for use as size standards to assist in correcting laboratory-tolaboratory variation of allele size calling. Some of them are compared with previous results published and the discrepancies found are discussed.Additional key words: cultivar discrimination; genetic relationships; molecular characterization; plant breeding; polymorphism. Resumen Identificación de cultivares de nogal (Juglans regia L.) y evaluación de su variabilidad genética mediante marcadores microsatélitesLa caracterización y la evaluación de germoplasma de nogal (Juglans regia) constituyen aspectos importantes del análisis taxonómico y son herramientas eficaces para los programas de mejora. En este trabajo se han estudiado 57 cultivares de nogal común, procedentes principalmente de España y EEUU, mediante marcadores microsatélite. Para llevar a cabo este trabajo se examinaron 32 pares de cebadores, desarrollados previamente en Juglans nigra, para seleccionar los loci que presentaran un polimorfismo elevado y que fueran fácil de detectar. Los 19 marcadores microsatélite seleccionados permitieron discriminar entre los cultivares estudiados, detectando un total de 97 alelos y una media de 5 alelos por locus, confirmando que este tipo de marcadores son más adecuados para la identificación de nogal que otros marcadores moleculares previamente estudiados. La similitud genética estimada a partir de los datos moleculares, permitió separar claramente los genotipos españoles de los californianos. Se presentan los datos aléli-cos para su uso como tamaños estándar de utilidad en la corrección de los tamaños alélicos encontrados entre laboratorios. Algunos de ellos son comparados con los resultados previos publicados, discutiéndose las discrepancias encontradas.
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