. 1994. Performance' carcass and pork characteristics of castrates and gilts'self-fed diets differing in protein content and lysine:energy ratio. Can. J. Anim . The effects of five diets, with 12-18% crude pitein (CP) and 6.6-10.8 g lysine per MJ digestible energy (DE), on live performance, carcass and meat quality criteria were ricorded for 90 pigs in a split-plot design involving male castrates and giits and three replicates, with three pigs per pen. The five diets, differing in the iatioof barley:soybean meal,_were fed as pellets, ad libitum from 25 to 98 kg livewJigirt. A balanced incomplete block design was used with four additional pens to gt^.jt tl9 PulutSblliy ofthedietsofferedinpaiissequentiallyoverl0wk.Asexpected,castrateshadahigherintake(2817vs'2580gd')anddaily gain (ggg vs. 800 g dt'; than^gilts ani were relatively fatfer except when fed the lowest CP diet. While an increase in dietary bP, or lysine:enerly ratio, led"to significant improvements in growth rate, gain:feed and lean content, there was a concomitant reduction in marbling and sensory ap'peal. The pilatability study suggested that both castrates and gilts tended to favour the intermediate diets (8.8 und t0.1 g lysine per MJ DEj over the otheri, wiih a preference for higher CP diets in the early growth period'Estimares of the lysine:DB railo toi maximum live performance indicated that gilts should receive > l0-.8 in the pre--50 kq period and approiimately 10.1 g lysine per MJ DE ihereafter. For castrates, the respective ratios were 10.8 and 8.8 g per MJ bn. Sptit-t"i-feeding, with gilts"receiving about 2% higher dietary protein levels than castrates, was also favoured by the estimates of economic benefits for the producer.

No abstract

Genetic factors controlling thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were characterized for their association with other seed traits, including kernel width, kernel length, ratio of kernel width to kernel length (KW/KL), kernel area, and spike number per m (SN). For this purpose, a genetic map was established utilizing a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between German winter wheat cultivars Pamier and Format. Association studies in a diversity panel of elite cultivars supplemented genetic analysis of kernel traits. In both populations, genomic signatures of 13 candidate genes for TKW and kernel size were analyzed. Major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for TKW were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2D, and 4D, and their locations coincided with major QTL for kernel size traits, supporting the common belief that TKW is a function of other kernel traits. The QTL on chromosome 2A was associated with TKW candidate gene TaCwi-A1 and the QTL on chromosome 4D was associated with dwarfing gene Rht-D1. A minor QTL for TKW on chromosome 6B coincided with TaGW2-6B. The QTL for kernel dimensions that did not affect TKW were detected on eight chromosomes. A major QTL for KW/KL located at the distal tip of chromosome arm 5AS is being reported for the first time. TaSus1-7A and TaSAP-A1, closely linked to each other on chromosome 7A, could be related to a minor QTL for KW/KL. Genetic analysis of SN confirmed its negative correlation with TKW in this cross. In the diversity panel, TaSus1-7A was associated with TKW. Compared to the Pamier/Format bi-parental population where TaCwi-A1a was associated with higher TKW, the same allele reduced grain yield in the diversity panel, suggesting opposite effects of TaCwi-A1 on these two traits.

. 1994. Evaluation of lathyrus (Inth|rus sativus L.) as an ingredient in pig startiiand grower diets. Cun. J. Anim. . Seed from Inthyys sctivus L., with a low contenlof 6-N-oxalyj-L-a,p-diamino-propionic acid (ODAP), was evaluated as an,ingredient (LM) in swine-die^ts. The first experiment involved +5 pigs feO LM, coniainin g27 % protein (CP) and 3 g OD{P !g -.3t 0. 10, 20, 30 and 4O% of sqart-e1 liets (i0% CP) over a 6-wk'pEriod. In exp. 2, M;types bf f-U (O.q and,2.1 g ODAP kg ').were each included as 0, 10' 20 and 30 of mash diets fed to 84 pigs from jS to tOO kg liveweight.. The effects of pelleting and_supplementation with I and 2 g methionine kg-r, for LM diets Jontaining < 0.5 gbOel tg '. were examined in the final experiment using 80 groYlq finishing pigsllncreasing the LM content aSove 10% of the startEr diet reduced average daily.gains (A-DG) and feed intake (A?FI) but feed"6oiversion (gain/feed; G:F) was unaffected (P > 0.10). In exp. 2, ADG declined as the dietary content of either LM increased. The lower-bDAP LM-fed pigs had relatively higher ADFI (P < 0.01) and ADG (P < 0.05) but slightty lower G:F (P < 0.08). Consumption of lathyrujled to higher (P < 0.01) liver and kidney weightg 11d ]ow91 (P < 0.05) protein content in the longissimus doisi. Pelleting the diet impioved ADG (P < 0.01) and G:F (P < 0.05) but did not prevent the LM-effect on growtlirates. Increasing the tdtal sulfur amino acid content of the diet from 0.48 toO.66% had no beneficial effect on live or carcass measurements. [Jsing a method capable of detecting 100 ng ODAP per g fresh tissue, no_ residues were found in the loin muscle of LM-fed pigs. Th"e results sugg'est that anti-nutritive constituents (e.g. anti-trypsin and anti-chymotrypsin), rather than ODAP. limit the potential of lathvrus seed as a feedstuff for swine.Key words: Pig, lathyrus, growth, carcass, neurotoxin Castell, A. G., Cliplef, R. L., Briggs, C. J., Campbell, C. G. et Bruni, J. E. 1994 de TG au-deli de lO% de I'aliment de d6marrage provoquait un abaissement du GMQ et de I'ing6r6 alimentaire, mais I'indice de conversion n'6tait pas touch6 (P > 0,10). Dani I'exp6rience deux, le GMQ diminuait h mesure.que la proportion.des deux tourteaux de gesse augmentait. Les porcs consommant le tourteau de gesse d basse teneur en ODAP manifestaient un taux d'ingestion et un GMQ ielativerient plus 6lev6s (respectivement P < 0,01 et P < 0,05), mais un indice de conversion l6gdrement moins bon (P < O,OS). I-u consommation de geise entrainait I'augmentation (P < 0,01) du poids du_foie et des reins, mais une baisse (P i 0,05)'deia teneur en prot6ines d"u longissimus dorsilLa pr6sentation de ta ration sous forme d'agglom6r!am6liorait le GMQ (P < 0,01) et I'indice de consommation (P < 0,05), mais ne r6ussissait pas d contrer I'effet n6gatif du TG sur le.taux de croissance. L'accroissement de la teneur en acides amin6s soufr6s totaux de la ration de 0,48 d.0,66% n'avait pas d'effet favorable sur les performances de I'animal ni sur les mesures de la carcasse. L'utilisation d'une m6th...

No abstract