Water stressed have vital effect on the various anatomical, physiological and bio-chemical processes, which are controlled by genetic and prevailing environment. In present study, 25 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, which have been released over 40 years in Iran, were evaluated in terms of stem physiological and anatomical changes at Iran Agricultural Research Station. During growing season data were collected and finally crop was harvested in June and various anatomical aspects like Thickness of stem (TS), Thickness of fiber (TF), Tangential dimension of collenchymas cells (TDC), Tangential dimension of vascular bundle (TDVB), Radial dimension of vascular bundle (RDVB), Radial dimension of big xylem vessel (RDBXV), Tangential dimension of phloem bundle (TDPB), Distance between vascular bundle to Epidermis (DBVBE), Thickness of epidermal cell (TE) that are integral part of drought resistance were studied. Predominantly drought resistant genotypes were recorded with anatomical aspects which play major role in imparting drought resistance. Among the studied 25 genotypes, genotype number 7, 21 and 25 showed maximum drought resistance characteristics collectively and these can be used as parent cultivars for future breeding programs.