The used of additive enhance the surface of the membrane layer and can be choose from various material. Examples of commonly used additive in membrane are Polyethylene glycol, silica oxide, cellulose acetate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Silica oxide was proven have ability to minimize the fouling problem hence increase hydrophobic properties of membrane. Silica also can be extracted from rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse, sorghum vularae seed and kenaf by precipitation method, biodigestion and sol-gel process. Silica extraction from sugarcane bagasse was chosen as the organic additive for membrane formation. In order to investigate the suitability of the material, several characterization test have been conducted. There are thermal, microscopic and spectroscopic analyses. Thermal gravimetric analysis was performed on sugarcane bagasse to determine the amount of silica that can be extracted from it. Results of TGA on sugarcane bagasse show that the peak temperature at 315.70 °C are defined as crystalline melt. After the melt transition, the baseline takings to a slightly lower position than the pre-melt baseline. The post-melt baseline changes slope as the sample begins decomposition while TGA extrapolated onset temperature of 241.56 °C as this sample decomposes. The analysis of microscopic shows that the addition of silica from sugarcane bagasse changed the surface structure of the membrane especially at top layer and sub layer. Sugarcane bagasse show bands for carboxylate (COO-) and hydroxyl (OH-) groups. The availability of negatively charged groups at the surface of sugarcane bagasse shows potential to be used as additive in membrane fabrication.

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The Moroccan Constitution has declared itself a sovereign Muslim state with Islam as a religious State, but guarantees freedom of thought, opinion and belief as a fundamental feature of Sunni Maliki Muslims. Morocco is a country in Africa where the majority of the population is Muslim. Family law in Morocco established a new legal codification in 2004, which became known as Mudawwwanah al-Ahwal al-Sykahsiyyah al-Jadidah. This law is a revision of the existing law. The law consists of 400 articles, there is an additional 100 articles. Morocco is a country that has taken opinions from various schools of thought to determine the laws contained in Morocco which were then codified and developed according to the circumstances and conditions at that time so that a new law was born called Mudawwahan al-Usrah. Keywords: codification and reform, family law, Morocco

Groundwater pollution with turbidity problem is a matter of concern because at least 50 % of global population consume groundwater. The presence of suspended particles comprise of clay and silts as well as organic and inorganic particles is the main cause for the water to be turbid. A nanomagnetic adsorption composite (NMAC) was applied in this study to purify turbid polluted groundwater. A 3k full factorial design was used to investigate five factors; dosage of adsorbent (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 g), time of agitation (15, 30, and 60 min), rate of adsorption (150, 200, and 250 rpm), size of adsorbent (<45 μm and >300 μm), and initial concentration of sample (<21.3 and < 48.8 NTU). The optimum parameters were found to be 0.02 g, 249 rpm, 46 min, <45 μm and <21.3 NTU with 94.13 % turbidity removal efficiency. The turbidity of purified groundwater complies with the Drinking Water Quality Standard.