The experimental investigation on the effects of granular fill and geogrid reinforced granular fill on the behaviour of the static liquefaction potential of the subsoil is reported in this study. A series of plate load test were carried out with different thickness of the granular fill, number of geogrid layers, and size/dimension of the footing. The test results were presented in terms of bearing capacity and subgrade modulus for the settlement ofδ10,δ15, andδ20. The experimental results revealed that the introduction of granular fill significantly increases the bearing capacity and effectively control the settlement behaviour of the footing. The introduction of geogrid in granular fill enhanced the Percentage of Control in Settlement and Bearing Capacity Ratio by a maximum of 328.54% and 203.41%, respectively. The introduction of geogrid in granular fill interrupts the failure zone of the granular fill and enhances the subgrade modulus of the footing by a maximum of 255.55%; in addition subgrade modulus of the footing was increased with an increase in the number of geogrid layers. Based on the test results it is suggested that the footing with large size has beneficial improvement on the reinforced granular fill.

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In wireless network, majority of application deals with Multimedia. The usage of multimedia data is tremendous in network services. The network is remarkable to think without multimedia data. Multimedia content dispatch is the daunting task in wireless network because it needs high bandwidth and effective network utilization. Also QoS of network depends on the multimedia content delivery. The major issues in transmitting the multimedia are Imbalance of load and energy in the network channel. When processing the multimedia data, the nodes in the network consumes high energy, which eventually leads to a link breakage. At this instance finding the alternate path for the data transmission holds considerable amount of time causing a transmission delay. Another serious issue is the load imbalance in the network the usage of single optimal path for a longer duration required by the application. To minimize the delay in multimedia data transmission this work proposes the idea of using the multiple optimal route. This is attained by considering the load and energy of the nodes in the transmission channel. To identify the multiple optimal route the utility values of the nodes pertaining to the transmission delay and node energy are considered. This raise the residual energy of the network which leads to the great enhancement in the QoS in multimedia data transmission.

Chrysopogon zizanioides, commonly known as Votive, is a naturally available material that is cultivated and exported at highest rate at Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu. As there is huge demand for high strength concrete, government is sponsoring researchers for researching onmaterials that can increase the strength of concrete. Due to the shortage of conventional fibers, need for an alternative material has been raised.In this paper, an experimental investigation has been conducted with natural vetiver (0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%). In order to use naturally available resource, votive fibers (Chrysopogon zizanioides)with aspect ratio 90 are used. In addition to this, super plasticizer (Conplast SP430) has been used to reduce the water content and to improve the workability. Cubes with size 150mm X 150mm X 150mm were cast to get the compressive strength and beams of size 1200mmX150mmX200mm for getting flexural strength and cylinders of size 150X300mm to get the split tensile strength were cast. The compressive strength of the concrete neared a maximum at 0.4% vetiver addition, being a 40.53% increase over the CC. The split tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete neared on increasing the volume fraction %, achieving 29.28% and 75.22% increase, respectively, at 0.4% vetiver fiber. Due to the shortage of natural aggregates, need for an alternative material has been raised. Using regression analysis, the compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength equation of recycled aggregates has also been found. By this experimental investigation, Vetiver is found to be the cheap and an effective material to increase the strength of concrete in all aspects.

Replacing theexistingweaksoilby granularfillmaterial(partialorfull)isone oftheconventionalstabilisationtechnique toimprovethebearing capacity and liquefactionbehaviorofthesoil.However, inmanycasesthedepthofreplacedgranular fillbecomesvery thick,thusleadtothe excessive cost. In the solution to this problem an experimental investigation was initiated to evaluate the effectofgeogrid reinforcementonthe staticliquefaction resistance of granularfillobtainedfrom Karaikudi, SivagangaiDistrict,Tamilnadu, India. An experimental program through triaxial compression was conduct and with various investigation on geogrid layers confining pressures. It was observedthat the extensile force of thegeogridgradually contributestothe improvementof the reinforcedspecimensshear strengthandthe extensileforceincreasedwiththeincrease inthe numberofgeogridlayers,asa result thefailuremodechangedfromshearband tobulging.Theinstalledgeogridlayersin thegranular fillimprovedthestress–strain response intermsofincrease inpeak deviatoric stressanddecrease infailure strains.Inaddition,the extensile force providesbetterinterlocking propertytothe granular   fill   be   arranged   between   the geogrid,leading tothedecreaseinthe pore waterpressure.Underaconfining pressureof150 kPatheporewaterpressure of the un-reinforced specimen was about 117 kPa,whereasthegranular fillreinforced withone,twoandthree layersofgeogrid achieved    the   pore    water   pressure   of 97.5 kPa,76.5 kPa and49.5 kPa,respectively, whichare 20.12 %,52.94 % and136.36 %, lower than thatofthe un-reinforced specimen. The findings conclude that the geogrids considerablyinfluencetheshearbehaviour of granular fill, andthe geogrid reinforcement improvesthe interlocking strengthof thegranularfill,thusimproving its shear strength