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In December 1996, dual- and quad-train sampling was conducted at a municipal waste combustor to establish the reference method quantitation limit (RMQL)-the concentration where method imprecision is ±30%-for Methods 23, 26, and 29. The 7% O-corrected RMQLs for International Toxic Equivalent dioxins are between 0.1 and 0.5 ng/dsm, between 3 and 21 ng/dsm for total di-oxins and furans, 0.02-0.06 gr/dsft for Method 29 train front-half particulates, 35-90 mg/dsm for cadmium, 5001,900 mg/dsm for lead, 20-90 mg/dsm for mercury, and 130-220 ppm for HCl. Since these RMQLs are 10 to 1,000 times higher than the associated analytical laboratory method detection limits, better precision will not be obtained by refining the laboratory methods. The analytical laboratory is not the primary source of uncertainty.