The authors attempt to conduct interdisciplinary research in epidemiology demography and pension economics. A literature was selected upon its relevance to the following key words: COVID-19, ageing and retirement system. The following methods are used: Historical content analysis, information, and analytical, comparative analysis. The analysis part is mainly based on secondary data of Committee on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and world recognized institutions’ reports such as World Health Organization, United Nations and World Bank. In the demographic analysis the traditional and alternative indices of population ageing such as Old Age Dependency Ratio (OADR) and Prospective Old Age Dependency Ratio (POADR) were widely used. By August 5, 2020, Kazakhstan has 94,882 registered cases of CVI, 67031 people recovered and 1058 deaths. Confusion in the demographic statistics of COVID-19 cases showed all the shortcomings. Even though the OADR and POADR ratios are rising in accordance with UN forecast, the global pandemic will adjust the population ageing, since the mortality of the elderly population from this disease is higher than in other age groups. The Kazakhstani retirement system has been suffered by the COVID-19 as well. Human losses, income poverty and increase in pension costs put a burden on state budget. The research presents recommendations on supporting measures in several directions that need to be taken by policy makers during post COVID-19 period in retirement system.

No abstract

No abstract

Covid-19 pandemics has affected the lives of all level population but brought an unprecedented threat to the health and daily life of the elderly population. Starting from Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, China, the virus spread to the world fleetingly, from 44 cases in January 2019 to 171,615,923 cases all around the world as of June 01, 2021, including Kazakhstan. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients had shown asymptomatic, mild, severe, and critical symptoms which brought to respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan dysfunction in 5% of cases. The severity of the disease correlated with the older age and existing medical conditions, making the geriatric population more at hazard. A remarkable superiority of cases and deaths of Covid-19 was found within the elderly group, and particularly in those with pre-existing conditions and comorbidities, additionally to the immunosenescence and inflamm-aging. Studies done in the USA, Europe, and Asian countries showed a similar prevalence of the disease among adults and older people, but the mortality was extremely higher than in other age groups. Despite the similar prevalence, Kazakhstani researchers revealed a higher mortality rate (83.3%) than those countries. Therefore, the world, especially developing countries, needs additional advanced policies in vaccination policy, immediate testing, easy access to healthcare and information without ageist biases, income security, and more researches should be done that can address the issues, improve the lives and diminish the mortality of the geriatric population.

This research focused on clarifying the concepts of elderly people and employment because the population is aging and older ones are mainly affected by pandemics. It requires more detail analysis in order to understand the barriers and challenges that face the elderly people during employment processes especially during pandemics. Therefore, authors tried to be concentrated on key problems of elderly employment and analyze the peculiarities such as gender imbalance. Moreover, this study has described the gender impact of COVID–19 on elderly employment worldwide and Kazakhstan. According to results, authors identified the female predominance over men before and after pandemics especially in Kazakhstan. In addition, this research has used the results of different reports developed for Kazakhstan in order to make fully analysis including our mentality and other factors that may affect to the elderly employment. The revealed women prevalence led the authors to such conclusions as developing the gender oriented employment policy for elderly people taking into account foreign experience. For example, organizing part time jobs or stimulating women in one time jobs, budget allocation for retraining elderly people after retirement, or subsidize the hiring of older workers. In addition, it may be presented as the formation of age-mixed work groups in which older workers could further transfer their experience and competencies; or in the reform of the organization of labor, in which there will be a redistribution of workloads.