Nodules of Charybdis numidica maintained in liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 20 lmol BA in the dark were subjected to different treatments under continuous light for shoot regeneration. A high regeneration rate without hyperhydration of the shoots was observed on semisolid basal MS medium with 1% sucrose. The use of liquid MS medium (1% sucrose, no growth regulators) resulted in a significantly lower amount of shoots per gramme of nodules under both submerged and temporary immersion (TI) conditions. Shoot hyperhydration was lowest in a TI system with one 5 min immersion every 24 h. When compared on a per container base, large amounts of shoots could be produced in the TI system with less labour input than in the system with semisolid medium.