In any production of products based on mineral fibers, one of the main types of equipment included in the line for the production of fiber products is installations for forming a basalt carpet, or the so-called fiberizing chambers. The quality of finished products depends on their perfection. Currently, there are several widely used in industry methods for producing mineral fibers from melt, which determine the various types and designs of fiberization chambers. In all chambers, the formation of mineral wool carpet occurs under the influence of hydrodynamic forces. Therefore, the study of such hydrodynamic characteristics as the rate of fall of individual fibers and clumps of these fibers and the hydrodynamic resistance of the carpet are of paramount importance in the design of new and reconstruction of old chambers. In this paper, we study the relationship between the strain rate and the viscosity coefficient of basaltic melt during fiber formation using a blow head developed by the authors. The substantiation of the process of fiber formation using a blowing head is given. Relations are obtained that establish the dependence of the strain rate in the fiber stream on the viscosity of the melt. Experimental data have been obtained that can be used to evaluate the effect of a basalt deposit on the dependence of the strain rate on the viscosity of a basalt melt. It was found that high-speed deformation of the melt greatly affects the quality of the fibers and the amount of waste in the production of fibers.

The use of accumulated waste from the production of basalt fibers from local raw materials in the production of composite materials contributes to the rational use of natural basalt and forms an additional raw material base. In this work, waste products from the production of basalt fibers, having a fractional composition with sizes less than 0,315 mm, were used as a composite filler. Using the plastic molding method, prototypes of ceramic composites based on waste products from the production of basalt fibers were obtained. Further, by the methods of physical and technical tests, an experimental study was carried out to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composite material. The method of least squares was used to process the experimental data obtained as a result of physical and technical tests of the samples. It has been established that the strength of the ceramic composite increases with the maximum amount of waste of the basalt melt fractions less 0,315mm and high firing temperature.