The purpose of the study: to trace the development of methods of bone implants for the replacement of jawbone defects: from ceramic and polymeric scaffolds to complex tissue-engineered structures with stem cells, growth factors and vascular anastomoses based on literature data.Materials and methods: searching, systematization and analysis of scientific data on various types of 3D-printed bone implants and their effectiveness in replacing bone defects.Conclusions: Modern technologies of 3D-printing, cell and tissue engineering, microvascular surgical techniques closely approach scientists and clinicians to creation of an artificial bone implant which in the body must become a living structure capable of integrating with the patient’s bone. Only complex approach which includes reconstruction of the implant of individual shape and sufficient mechanical strength, giving of osteoinductive and osteogenic properties, providing of internal axial and external angiogenesis is the basis for such tissue-engineered construction.