Introduction The endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) using high CO2 insufflation pressures (CIP) are prone to complications, such as hypercarbia, acidosis, pneumomediastinum and cardiac arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to analyse the perioperative events and CO2 related morbidity in five cases of endoscopic thyroidectomy in our experience. Methods Between Febraury 2010 and August 2010 (6 months), five cases of benign goiters operated with extracervical ET technique in endocrine surgery department of a teritiary care hospital of southern India were studied. Clinicopathological, operative and morbidity data were documented and analyzed. Results All the five patients were women and mean age was 37.2 years (25-46). CIP of 12 to 14 mm Hg was used for creation of working space and CIP of 8 to 10 mm Hg for its maintainence. Average operative time was 135 minutes (65-212). Two cases had to be converted into open procedure due to gas related complications, such as hypercarbia, acidosis and ventricular tachycardia. Conclusions CO2 insufflation pressure (CIP) of 10 to 12 mm Hg for creation of working space and 6 to 8 mm Hg for maintainence of space is optimal. A protocol based on CIP, monitoring and intermittent desufflation is recommended for safe ET with minimum complications.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanoplasty is operation to eradicate disease in middle ear and to reconstruct the hearing mechanism. Present study aims at assessment of success rate and hearing improvement following type I tympanoplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 50 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media, tubotympanic type attending department of ENT are taken up for study screened with clinical history and examination. Type I tympanoplasty performed in all patients. Simple mastoidectomy with type I tympanoplasty performed in 8 patients. Patients are followed after surgery on 7^th, 14th days and end of 3 months. Anatomical outcome is assessed in terms of graft uptake. Pure tone audiometry was performed at 3 months and air bone gap is considered to assess outcome.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 50 cases, 43 cases (86%) showed good success rate by means of graft uptake. Remaining 5 cases showed residual perforation and 3 cases medialization of graft. In 42 patients type1 tympanoplasty is performed, success rate was 80.95% and in cases with where type1 tympanoplasty with cortical Mastoidectomy was done and the success rate was 100%. In the present study mean pre op AB gap was 27.65 dB and mean post op AB gap was 19.07 dB. The difference between the two, i.e., AB gap closure was 8.52 dB which is statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Type-1 tympanoplasty using temporalis fascia with underlay technique have good surgical success rate with excellent improvement of hearing. Cortical mastoidectomy can be planned depending on the status of the middle ear mucosa.</p>