Laboratory tests on a wide variety of lightly overconsoli-dated natural clays show that important engineering properties such as undrained strength and preconsolidation pressure are time-dependent. Relaxation and step-changing procedures suggest that these properties decrease by 10–20% with a tenfold decrease in the speed of testing. The influence of strain rate on undrained shear strength appears to be independent of soil plasticity, test type or stress history during laboratory reconsolidation. Its influence on stress-compressibility curves from oedo-meter tests is independent of soil plasticity and test conditions. Ageing and delayed compression in clays produce a stiffer arrangement of the soil particles, and a quasi-preconsolidation pressure that is in part available for foundation design. The results from a series of conventional tests and stress-probe tests on two different clays show that yield envelopes in lightly overconsoli-dated natural clays are time-dependent, and contract in p&rime, q-space with increasing time. Des essais faits en laboratoire sur une grande variété d'argiles naturelles légèrement surconsolidées indiquent que des caractéristiques importantes, telles que la résistance non-drainée et la pression de préconsolidation dépendent du temps. Des méthodes de relaxation et de changement d'étapes donnent l'impression que ces propriétés décroissent de 10% à 20% lorsque la vitesse de l'essai chutede 90%. L'influence de la vitesse de déformation sur la résistance à la rupture au cisaillement dans l'état non-drainé semble être indépendante de la plsticité du sol, du type d'essai et de la déformation précédente pendant la reconsolidation en laboratoire. Son influence sur les courbes de déformation/compressibilité obtenues par des essais à l'oedomètre est indépendante de la plasticité du sol et des conditions de l'essai. La compression retardée et de vieillissement dans les argiles produit un arrangement plus raide des particules du sol et une pression de quasi-préconsolidation qui est en partie disponible pour le calcul des fondations. Les résultats d'une série d'essais conventionnels et d'essais pour étudier la contrainte faits sur deux argiles différentes démontrent que dans les argiles naturelles légèrement surconsolidées les enveloppes de fluage dépendent du temps et se contractent dans l'espace p', qà mesure que le temps s'augmente.
Summary
A sand fill embankment, 4 m high by 100 m long has been constructed to investigate the ability of medium strength woven polypropylene sheets to act as reinforcing agents. Fabrics with nominal tensile strengths of under 20 kN/m and under 50 kN/m both performed satisfactorily to give side slopes to the construction of better than 70°. Attempts were made to measure both fabric and fill strains as construction proceeded. Data from these measurements indicate that the major fabric extensions occurring at the time of construction are caused by the influence of compaction and are largely independent of embankment height. Since construction, almost three years ago, the embankment has continued to stand with no evidence of decline in the structural function of the fabric reinforcement.
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