This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of crambe bran concentrations (Crambe abyssinica Hochst.) with different specific masses in elephant grass silage (Penninsetum purpureum Schum.). For that, the bromatological and microbiological compositions of the experimental silages were determined. We used 48 mini silos distributed in a completely randomized design, arranged in a factorial 4 × 3, four levels of inclusion of crambe bran (0; 10; 20 and 30%) and three specific masses (400; 500 and 600 kg MN m-3), with four replications. After 240 days of fermentation the silos were opened. It was observed linear effect on DM, CP, NDFap, ADFap, HEM, LIG, NFC, TC and population of bacteria that produce lactic acid with the addition of crambe meal. There was interaction between the crambe bran factors and specific masses on the values of pH and N-NH3. For MM variables and yeast count there was a negative linear effect due to the evaluated specific mass. The inclusion of crambe bran helps to increase the fermentative profile and the bromatological composition of elephant grass silages studied, and the best results were obtained with the addition of 30% of this coproduct, based on the natural matter.
RESUMO.O trabalho foi realizado na Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo e digestibilidade aparente de ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de inclusão de torta de coco (25, 50 e 75%). Foram utilizados 12 ovinos, machos, da raça Santa Inês, com idade média de cinco meses e com peso médio de 19,5 kg, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas individuais distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Observou-se que o consumo de matéria seca decresceu com a inclusão de torta de coco, apresentando valores de 699; 405 e 373 g e 3,67; 2,15 e 2,00% do peso vivo para os níveis de 25, 50 e 75%, respectivamente. O mesmo comportamento foi observado para o consumo de proteína, entretanto não foram observadas diferenças (p > 0,05) nos valores de consumo de FDN, FDA e extrato etéreo. Quanto à digestibilidade, verificou-se redução (p < 0,05) nos coeficientes para o tratamento com 75% de inclusão de torta de coco para matéria seca, proteína, FDN e FDA em relação aos tratamentos 25 e 50%. Concluiu-se que a inclusão de torta de coco, afeta negativamente o consumo e a digestibilidade da fração fibrosa, resultado do elevado teor de extrato etéreo presente na torta de coco.Palavras-chave: extrato etéreo, FDA, FDN, matéria seca, proteína.Intake and apparent digestibility with different inclusion levels of coconut meal for sheep feeding ABSTRACT. The study was conducted at the Universidade Federal da Amazônia to evaluate apparent digestibility and intake for sheep fed diets containing different inclusion levels of fresh coconut meal (25, 50 and 75%). A total of 12 male Santa Inês sheep were used, with a mean age of 5 months and average weight of 19.5 kg, kept in individual metabolic cages distributed in a completely randomized design. Dry matter intake decreased with the inclusion of coconut meal, with values of 699, 405 and 373 g, and 3.67, 2.15 and 2.00% body weight at levels of 25, 50 and 75%, respectively. The same behavior was observed for protein intake; however, no significant differences in intake were observed for values of NDF, ADF and ether extract. Apparent digestibility was reduced (p < 0.05) in the coefficients for treatment with 75% inclusion of coconut meal for dry matter, protein, NDF and ADF, compared to the 25% and 50% treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of coconut meal in the diet negatively affects the intake and digestibility of fibrous constituents, resulting from high levels of lipids present in the coconut meal.Keywords: ether extract, NDF, ADF, dry matter, protein. IntroduçãoA alimentação animal é um dos fatores que mais onera o custo de produção, principalmente num sistema intensivo de criação. O uso de alimentos alternativos, substituindo parte dos principais ingredientes utilizados comumente, pode ser de fundamental importância na redução destes custos, uma vez que são frequentes os períodos de instabilidade pela alta nos preços dos ingredientes que compõem as rações, dentre eles o milho e o farelo de soja.A falta de alimentos, especial...
The stomachs of 100 free-ranging black caimans (Melanosuchus niger Spix, 1825) from the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, Amazonas state, Brazil, were examined for parasitism and pathologic lesions. All animals were harvested for human consumption. Ascaridoid nematodes were found in 67 caimans and were identified as Brevimulticaecum sp. These parasites were associated with focally extensive, chronic gastric ulcers and formation of localized intramural granulomas containing nematodes. All caiman were in good nutritional condition, which suggests that effects of gastric nematodiasis on the crocodilian hosts were minimal at the time of slaughter.
Terminação de bovinos de corte em pasto com suplementação de resíduo úmido de cervejaria, associado ao uso de modificador orgânico e ivermectina Finishing of beef cattle on pasture supplemented with wet brewery residue associated with the use of organic modifier and ivermectin
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential use of fruticulture waste as an additive in elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar Napier silage at different densities, defining the effect of fermentative quality, microbiological characteristics and bromatological composition. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, comprising a control, banana waste (BW), mango waste (MW), and passion fruit waste (PFW) at three densities (400, 500 and 600 kg green matter [GM] m -3 ). The effect of ensiling density was greatest in the exclusively elephant grass silage, where a compaction of 600 kg GM m -3 contributed to improvements in fermentation and microbiological processes. The addition of banana waste to the elephant grass silage promoted improvements only in bromatological composition, raising the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) content and reducing fiber components (neutral detergent fiber [NDFap] and acid detergent fiber [ADFap] corrected for ash and protein), but the addition of banana waste did not favor the fermentative or microbiological processes. The addition of passion fruit and mango by-products promoted increased DM and favored the fermentative, microbiological, and bromatological silage processes, regardless of density. Key words: Additives. Compaction. Fermentation. Microbial. Pennisetum purpureum. ResumoObjetivamos avaliar o potencial de utilização de resíduos da agroindústria de fruticultura como aditivos na ensilagem de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) cultivar Napier, sob diferentes massas específicas, determinando seu efeito na qualidade fermentativa, características microbiológicas e composição bromatológica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualisado com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo composto por testemunha, resíduo de banana (RB), resíduo de manga (RMg), resíduo de maracujá (RMj) e três massas específicas (400, 500 e 600 kg matéria verde [MV] m -3 ). O efeito da massa específica no silo é mais efetivo na silagem exclusiva de capim- elefante, onde a compactação de 600 kg MV m -3 contribui para melhorias no processo fermentativo e microbiológico. A adição do resíduo de banana na ensilagem do capim-elefante promoveu melhorias apenas na composição bromotológica, elevando os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e redução nos componentes fibrosos (fibra em detergente neutro [FDNcp] e fibra em detergente ácido [FDAcp] corrigidos para cinza e proteína), porém não favorece o processo fermentativo e microbiológico. A adição de subprodutos de maracujá e manga promove o aumento da MS e favorece o processo fermentativo, microbiológico e bromatológico da silagem, independente da massa específica. Palavra-chave: Aditivos. Compactação. Fermentação. Microbiológico. Pennisetum purpureum.
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