Б а с р е д а к т о р Есполов Т.И., э.ғ.д, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі жəне вице-президенті Р е д а к ц и я а л қ а с ы:

The paper describes the monitoring of phytosanitary conditions in different regions of the Almaty region (Kazakhstan) and demonstrates the large population of cruciferous fleas (Phyllotreta cruciferae) on rapeseed plants, which reaches 7-9 spec./m 2 , exceeding the economic injury level (3-5 spec./m 2 ). The disease is observed to spread on wheat and barley seeds. Proceeding from this, the study aims to develop effective protection measures against cruciferous fleas and to ecologize agricultural technologies using safe techniques and means of protection. The study uses methods of registration when monitoring the spread of pests and determining the effectiveness of the methods and tools applied. It is demonstrated that the treatment of wheat seeds with a protective and stimulating mixture using the preparation of bisolbisan 1 l/t + extrasol 1 l/t raised the intensity of crop growth to 94.2% compared to 70.9% in the control sample. High biological efficacy is noted from the use of actarophyte 1 l/ha mixed with extrasol against cruciferous fleas, the population of which after treatment is only 1 spec./m 2 against 7.8 spec./m 2 in the control case. The study also analyzes the results of releasing the Trichogramma ovipositor (Trichogramma) in the amount of 350 g/ha, Habrobracon (Bracon hebetor Say) at a rate of 500 spec./ha and green lacewings (Chrysopidae) at a rate of 1,500 eggs/ha to combat the cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.). This first known treatment of rape crops using a drone against cruciferous fleas achieved a biological efficiency of 95.8-96.2%.

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The article provides data on the determination of morphological features and bioecological features of the development of a particularly dangerous object Tuta absoluta (Povlony) in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In greenhouses and laboratory conditions, the imago begins to actively mate 3-4 hours before sunrise. In laboratory conditions, females lay eggs on the surface of leaves (35%), below (45%), stems (15%), fruit leaves (5%), but the fruit was not laid. After hatching from the eggs, the larvae chew through the entrance to the mesoderm of the leaf and penetrate for 5 minutes. The Larva Of T. absoluta is almost cylindrical in shape, with a distinct head, three pairs of pectoral legs, and five pairs of ventral pseudopods. After completing all five stages of development, the larvae emerge from the mine, and sometimes pupate there. Before pupation, the larva changes its color from dark green to light green. The pupa of the tomato moth, as in other Lepidoptera, is of the “obtecto " type, that is, with the future appendages of adults. It has the shape of a cone 4.5-5 mm long and 1.3-1.5 mm wide, greenish in color, turning to a more intense brown, and at the end of development becomes brown. In the population, females predominate over males. At a temperature of 15°C and 33°C the ratio of female to female life expectancy varies. The higher the air temperature, the more females predominate in the population.

In a number of Programs for the development of the industry, outlined in the President's Messages (2017,2018, 2017-2021), it is indicated that one of the most important problems of agricultural production in our country is the transition to a new paradigm based on increasing its efficiency through the introduction of an ecosystem development path. This transition consists in the production of organic farming and the production of environmentally friendly products that are harmless to animals and the population. Therefore, the results of scientific research presented in this article on the development of agrotechnologies and the introduction of an ecologized set of protective measures against harmful organisms into production are an important foundation in solving the production of environmentally friendly (organic) products. This article presents the results of the application of biological protection against pests of agricultural crops. In the ecological aspect, the pesticide load on the cultivated area and the environment is reduced, compaction and soil pollution occur to a lesser extent, due to a reduction in the number of passes of equipment through the field. During the monitoring, harmful pests of agricultural crops (wheat, soy, corn) were encountered and biological protection was applied to them in the conditions of the Almaty region. During the growing season, during soil excavations and population counts, 11 species of pests were found on alfalfa, esparcet and soybeans, 7 on corn, 15 on wheat and barley, 8 on rapeseed and flax. The biological efficacy of drugs and entomophages against cotton scoops (Helicoverpa armigera Hb.) on corn crops showed high biological efficacy on the seventh day was 91.5-95.1%, and on the 14th day, due to the release of bioagents, the effectiveness was at the level of 77.6-82.1%. Against the spider mite on the 7th day of accounting, the biological effectiveness was 86.3–87.3%, due to the release of the entomophage chrysoglazka, the effectiveness was at the level of 81.2-81.5%.