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We consider a key issue in hinterland container navigation in ports, such as Rotterdam and Antwerp, namely the barge handling problem: how to optimize the alignment of barge and terminal operations in a port. We make a major step in solving the barge handling problem for practical settings. Specifically, we consider restricted opening times of terminals, unbalanced networks, the presence of sea vessels, and closing times of containers. Consequently, at a terminal a barge faces time dependency in: (1) the waiting time until the start of handling and (2) the handling time itself. The concept of waiting profiles which we introduced in an earlier paper only deals with (1). To deal with (1) and (2) together we introduce a more comprehensive concept, namely that of service-time profile. To establish how well our approach works, we evaluate the performance of our distributed planning approach extensively by means of simulation. We compare our results with those based on centralized planning by using an off-line benchmark resembling it. We show that the Multi-Agent system that we introduce enables barge and terminal operators to align their operations efficiently. Hence, it can be seen as a promising solution approach for solving the barge handling problem, since it enables (competing) companies to collaborate in a competitive way.

a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oMulti-Agent systems have been studied extensively, but only a few of these systems are deployed in practice. Essential to get a system implemented is acceptance. In a distributed setting this is challenging, especially when one deals with multiple independent and competing companies. We share our experiences with the use of a real-time multi-player simulation game that we developed to illustrate a Multi-Agent system for the barge handling problem in the Port of Rotterdam. We experienced that the game has many advantages over a more passive approach, such as vocal presentations. We conclude that the game has considerably contributed to the acceptance of the illustrated Multi-Agent system.

This thesis is number D-114 of the thesis series of the Beta Research School for Operations Management and Logistics. The Beta Research School is a joint effort of the departments of Technology Management, and Mathematics and Computing Science at the Technische Universiteit Eindhoven and the Centre for Telematics and Information Technology at the University of Twente. Beta is the largest research centre in the Netherlands in the field of operations management in technology-intensive environments. The mission of Beta is to carry out fundamental and applied research on the analysis, design, and control of operational processes.

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