The Russian Federation is a leading diamond producer at the moment, and ALROSA is Russia’s largest diamond mining company. It operates a number of placers and primary deposits in the diamond-bearing provinces in Yakutia and in the Arkhangelsk Region. The challenges and economic problems currently facing the Company call for diverse managerial decisions, including optimization of production and enhancement of operating efficiency. The article gives a brief description of Company’s hydrogeological services and their transformations. The hydrogeological, geological and gas-dynamic conditions of operated deposits are assessed. Alternatives of optimized interaction between different structural divisions of the Company are proposed, and the promising activities aimed at safe mining and at expansion of theoretical framework for generation and implementation of technological innovations are identified. The proposed consolidation of high-skilled hydrogeologists can enable technological optimization at the preserved personnel resources and maximized competences. Hydrogeological supervision of mining operations from a united center can promote advancement of hydrogeology as a school at the Company, at the sustained and even increased potency. Further development of such promising hydrogeology research areas as Quaternary Hydrogeology, Structural Hydrogeology, Geochemistry of Groundwater in Different Physical States, etc. requires tight cooperation and contiguity between the Company and topranked research centers of the Russian Federation.

The Tolbachan suite presents the complex mining and geological conditions for development the Mir primary diamond deposit at depths of 1000 to 1400 meters. The resumption of mining operations at the field requires a comprehensive study of host rocks, especially in the formation intervals of high-pressure reservoirs of mixed fluid saturation. The study of lithological features and determination of the main physical and mechanical parameters of the formation were carried out in 2020–2021 using standard methods based on core samples of experimental wells. As a result of the studies, the main lithological types of rocks of the Tolbachan Formation were described, and the stratification of the strata according to physical and mechanical properties was performed. The conducted studies allow characterizing the mining and geological conditions for the construction of underground mine workings, as well as to predict the main negative factors affecting the mining operations at the deposit.