In achieving a high level of biological usefulness of feeding poultry, the enrichment of compound feed with a complex of biologically active additives – premixes is of decisive importance. The organization of the production of high-quality premixes is an important direction in the development of the domestic feed industry. Vermiculite is one of the mineral raw materials mined on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, suitable for use in agriculture, in the production of premixes. Kazakhstan has large resources of vermiculites. The aim of the study is to determine the feasibility of using the natural mineral vermiculite from the Kulantau deposit as a filler in the production of premixes and a component in the production of animal feed. The physicochemical parameters of the natural mineral vermiculite have been determined. The analyzes of the study were carried out in the research laboratory for assessing the quality and safety of food products of the Almaty Technological University. Studies have been carried out on the use of vermiculite from the Kulantau deposit as a filler-diluent in the production of premixes. It was found that the natural mineral vermiculite has good flowability, low humidity, does not cake, so the use of vermiculite in the production of premixes helps to increase the safety of biologically active substances. The optimal time for preliminary mixing of microcomponents with vermiculite filler has been determined. With the addition of vermiculite after the third minute of mixing, the coefficient of variation is 6,63%. The introduction of the vermiculite mineral into the premix has a positive effect on the mixing process and the uniformity of the finished product. The mineral vermiculite reduces the humidity of the premix, has good flowability, and prevents the separation of the premix components during transportation. The total mixing time of the premixes is reduced to 4 minutes. The study of the vermiculite mineral in the composition of the premix, the improvement of the technological scheme for the production of the premix, will allow the production of high-quality domestic premix.
В статье представлены результаты исследований по использованию гранулированной вики сорта «Луговчанка» при производстве комбикормов для цыплят-бройлеров. Анализ литературных источников показывает, что отсутствуют сведения по использованию вики в комбикормовом производстве Казахстана. Определен химический, минеральный и витаминный состав зерна вики. Для снижения антипитательных веществ вики было проведено гранулирование. Установлены оптимальные технологические режимы гранулирования вики. Сравнение химического состава вики с химическим составом используемых бобовых культур показали, что содержание белка по сравнению с нутом больше на 22,6 %, с кормовой фасолью ниже на 4,3 %, а содержание жира по сравнению с нутом ниже на 13,3 %, а с кормовыми бобами содержание жира одинаково. Кроме того, вика содержит витамины группы A, B и минеральные элементы. Результаты исследования показали, что вика сорта «Луговчанка» содержит антипитательное веществосинильную кислоту 1,1 мг / 100 г. Для снижения антипитательных веществ и повышения питательной ценности комбикормов проведено гранулирование комбикормов. Результаты исследований показали, что при гранулировании вики общая бактериальная обсемененость снизилась на 22,5%, грибная обсеменненность на 11,2%, содержание синильной кислоты на 22,72%. Определены допустимые сроки хранения рассыпной и гранулированной вики.
The article presents the results of analyzes of the chemical, amino acid, mineral, vitamin composition of flax cake of the Kazakh variety «Kostanayskiy 11». A recipe for a complete feed for broilers with the introduction of flaxseed cake and a premix based on vermiculite filler has been developed. The optimal rates for the in troduction of flaxseed oil into the recipe for a complete feed for broilers aged 29-56 days have been determined. The proposed recipes for mixed feed for broilers using flaxseed cake of the Kazakh variety «Kostanaysky 11» and a premix based on vermiculite filler in feeding poultry will make it possible to balance the rations not only in protein and mineral composition, but also partially replace expensive soybean meal, thereby reducing the cost of compound feed.
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