SUMMARYFrom the whole of genealogical researches on the people of B., P. and Al. towns, we came to the following conclusions:1) the monomeric recessive autosomal transmission of hydrophtalmos, with a high degree of penetration, has been confirmed;2) a type of congenital cataract with monomeric recessive autosomal hereditary transmission, with a comparatively reduced degree of penetration, has been located;3) in towns B. and P. affected lines of hydrophtalmos and congenital cataract have been located;4) the first definite heterozygotes for hydrophtalmos in town B. and for hydrophtalmos and congenital cataract in town P. have been located: they date back to the first half of the 18th Century;5) the date of hydiovariation's inception has been located at about two or three generations before, or around the middle of the 17th Century.

SUMMARYRoentgenograms have been taken of the hand and wrist on 58 pairs of MZ twins, on 40 pairs of DZ twins, and on 4 groups of triplets, between 2 and 18 years of age.Their comparative examination has shown the highest concordance in MZ pairs and a remarkable discordance in DZ pairs, accentuated above all in those of opposed sex. Generally, the comparison between male and female pairs of same age has shown a delay on bony growth of the firsts, event remarkable also within DZ pairs of opposed sex.Comparing the Roentgenograms taken with those standard of Greulich and Pyle, generally it is to be remarked that males are retarded in regard to females.Some cases of concordant paramorphysms in healthy pairs of MZ twins and of remarkable immaturity in MZ pairs at the same time sick are also shown.

SUMMARYThe AA. have undertaken a study on the familial occurrence of cancer cases in the families of 142 patients with cancer of the biliary ducts, and of 208 patients with cancer of the pancreas, in comparison with the families of equal numbers of healthy persons (controls). On the basis of the collected data, neither for the cases of cancer of the pancreas nor for the cases of cancer of the biliary ducts, a higher incidence of cancer (both same site or all sites) than in the families of the controls has been observed. On the contrary, a significantly higher incidence of cancer of the digestive system has been demonstrated in the families of the two groups of cancer patients taken together.