This paper presents a description of multiple-beam klystrons (MBKs). The main material is based on experimental results and practical experience gained at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research and Production Corporation "Istok," where MBK technology has been extensively developed and manufactured beginning in the 1960s. In addition to this material, some original ideas, designs, and experimental data from other enterprises are presented. Three classes of MBKs are discussed in detail: high-power, medium-power, and miniaturized devices. Features common to all MBK classes as well as the reasons constraining MBK parameters in comparison with the parameters of single-beam klystrons are also discussed. The principal characteristics of typical MBKs are presented and main application areas for different MBK types are considered. Finally, directions for further development of this branch of microwave amplifiers are discussed.Index Terms-Application areas, klystron, multibeam, multiple-beam klystron (MBK), multiple-beam resonators.

tively. Nearfield measurement system was used to measure the radiation patterns. The level of cross-polarization is 25 dB lower than that of the co-polarization. And the gains of the proposed antenna are 1.7 dBi at 2.20 GHz and 1.226 dBi at 2.883 GHz, respectively. CONCLUSIONThe small chip meander antenna for dual-frequency operation is presented and fabricated by the LTCC-MLC process. It has the capacity to adjust dual-frequency operation and achieve good size reduction with small frequency ratio. The frequency ratio of the proposed antenna is 1.35 and the size reduction effect is more than 50%, compared to the regular rectangular patch.

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