ObjectiveThe efficacy of argon plasma coagulation (APC) on gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) may be impaired over time and depends greatly on the application settings. Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) may be an alternative, but study on its efficacy is limited. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of APC and EBL in treating GAVE.MethodsChanges in the need for blood transfusion, number of treatment sessions and hospitalizations were retrospectively assessed in 63 transfusion‐dependent patients with GAVE (mean age: 67.1 y, 54.0% female) treated with either APC or EBL (45 and 18 patients, respectively) in four tertiary endoscopic centers.ResultsBoth methods substantially increased hemoglobin levels and decreased patients' need for a transfusion (22.0 ± 4.0 g/L and −5.62 ± 2.30 units of packed red blood cells [RBC] with APC, and 27.4 ± 6.1 g/L and −4.79 ± 2.46 units of packed RBC with EBL), without a significant statistical difference between the methods. However, fewer EBL sessions were required both for the cessation of need for a transfusion compared with those for the resolution of GAVE lesions (0.90 ± 0.10 vs 1.69 ± 0.31, P = 0.028).ConclusionsBoth APC and EBL are effective in GAVE treatment. EBL may be superior in terms of number of treatment sessions, but not in its influence on hemoglobin level and need for transfusion. Further prospective studies with large, homogeneous sample size and standardized APC settings are needed.
Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A musculus cricopharyngeus flexibilis endoszkópos myotomiája a tüneteket okozó Zenker-diverticulum hatékony, biztonságos kezelési módszere. Célkitűzés és módszer: Retrospektíven elemeztük a hagyományos flexibilis endoszkópos myotomia eljárással szerzett tapasztalatainkat. Eredmények és megbeszélés: 2012. szeptember és 2020. február között 38 betegnél történt flexibilis endoszkópos myotomia tüneteket okozó Zenker-diverticulum miatt; összesen 47 myotomiát végeztünk. Betegeink többsége férfi (23/38), az átlagéletkor 71,5 év (40–88) volt. A diverticulumok átlagos mérete 3,94 (2–10) cm volt. A legtöbb esetben divertikuloszkópot alkalmaztunk, szabad kezes vágási technikára 8 esetben volt szükség. Betegeink tüneteit a kezelés előtt és azt követően a DRC- (dysphagia, regurgitatio, komplikációk) skála szerint értékeltük. A jelentősebb szövődmények előfordulása 4,2% (2/47) volt, a beavatkozással összefüggésbe hozható mortalitás nem fordult elő. Pneumomediastinum 1 betegnél alakult ki, melyet konzervatívan sikeresen kezeltünk. Beavatkozás közbeni vérzés 8 esetben (17%) jelentkezett, ezeket a beavatkozás során sikeresen megállítottuk. 1 esetben korai, kiújuló masszív vérzés miatt sürgős műtétre volt szükség. Mind a 38 beteget követtük, átlagosan 34,7 hónapig. A klinikai sikeresség 1,5 hónapnál 91,9% volt (34/37). 3 betegnek maradtak tünetei, kettőjüknél remyotomia történt, egyikük később műtétre szorult, 1 beteg pedig percutan endoszkópos gastrostomián esett át 18 hónap után. A hosszú távú követés során a teljes sikeresség (DRC<2) 78,4% volt (29/37), míg lényeges klinikai javulást (DRC: 0/1/2) a betegek 89,2%-ában (33/37) sikerült elérnünk. Következtetés: Eredményeink megerősítik, hogy a hagyományos flexibilis endoszkópos myotomia biztonságos, hatékony a tüneteket okozó Zenker-diverticulum kezelésében. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(17): 677–687. Summary. Introduction: In the treatment of symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum, the flexible endoscopic myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle is considered to be a safe and effective technique. Objective and method: We retrospectively analyzed our experiences with conventional flexible endoscopic myotomy. Results and discussion: 38 patients with symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum were treated with flexible endoscopic myotomy and 47 myotomies were performed from September 2012 until February 2020. Most of our patients were male (23/38), with an average age of 71.5 (40–88) years. The mean size of diverticula was 3.94 (2–10) cm. In most cases, we used diverticuloscope, while free-hand technique was needed in 8 cases. We assessed our patients’ symptoms by applying DRC (dysphagia, regurgitation, complication) score before the treatment and during follow-up. The overall rate of significant complications was 4.2% (2/47), and there was no procedure-related mortality. We observed pneumomediastinum in one patient that was treated conservatively. Intraprocedural bleeding occurred in several (8/47) cases, in all of them the bleeding was successfully stopped during intervention. In one of them, early recurrent massive bleeding required urgent surgery. All 38 patients were followed (mean 34.7 months). Clinical success at 1.5 months was 91.9% among endoscopically treated patients (34/37). 3 patients remained symptomatic, 2 of them were treated with re-myotomy, 1 of them needed surgery later on, another patient underwent percutan endoscopic gastrostomy at 18 months. Over long-term period, complete success (DRC<2) was 78.4% (29/37), while clinical success (DRC: 0/1/2) reached in 89.2% (33/37). Conclusion: Our experiences confirmed that conventional method of flexible endoscopic myotomy is safe and effective for the treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum symptoms. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(17): 677–687.
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