Variations in the osteopontin gene (rs9138 and rs11730582) are determinants of a genetic predisposition to suffer EARR secondary to orthodontic treatment.

No abstract

The aim of this study was to determine - on the basis of the most recent yearly listings - whether there were any common measurable variables associated with the smiles of the world's most influential people. A total of 168 subjects were selected from the lists of Time magazine's 100 most influential people during the period 2006-2010. Smiling frontal view photographs were obtained. Thirty-six variables for each subject were traced and measured using photogrammetric analysis to obtain qualitative and quantitative proportions and measurements. Differences with respect to gender, occupation and year of listing were tested to 95% significance, using the Student's t-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The chi-squared test was used for qualitative variables. Irrespective of gender or occupation, the similar quantifiable characteristics of the smiles of the most influential subjects were the following: vertical upper lip proportion, smile width, incisor exposure, buccal corridor ratio, smile symmetry index and intra-dental proportions (P > 0·05). Other qualitative standards were as follows: smile symmetry, the buccal corridors and smile arc, direction of occlusal cant and the degree of deviation between maxillary and facial midlines. Differences were found for gingival display and smile height parameters (P = 0·001). The smiles of the world's most influential people revealed common standards, regardless of occupation or gender, which may play a decisive role in the expressions of influential faces.