The objective is to systematize and adapt the basic definitions and concepts of the systems approach, mathematical modeling and information technologies to sports science.Materials and methods. The research has studied the availability of appropriate terms in shooting sports, which would meet the requirements of modern sports science. It has examined the compliance of the shooting sports training program for children and youth sports schools, the Olympic reserve specialized children and youth schools, schools of higher sports skills, and sports educational institutions with the modern requirements and principles.Research results. The paper suggests the basic definitions adapted to the requirements of technical sports and sports science. The research has thoroughly analyzed the shooting sports training program for children and youth sports schools, the Olympic reserve specialized children and youth schools, schools of higher sports skills, and sports educational institutions. The paper offers options to improve the training program in accordance with the modern tendencies of training athletes. Conclusions. The research suggests to systematize and adapt the basic definitions and concepts of the systems approach, mathematical modeling and information technologies using the example of technical sports.

The purpose of the study was to define informative indicators of technical and tactical actions of qualified rifle shooting athletes. Materials and methods. The study involved MSU (number of athletes n = 10), CMSU (number of athletes n = 9). To solve the tasks set, the following research methods were used: analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation. Pedagogical observation was used to study the peculiarities of technical and tactical indicators of qualified athletes, as well as their motor abilities; methods of mathematical statistics were used to process the experimental data. Results. A detailed analysis of competitive activity made it possible to determine that the shot phases “Aiming”, “Shot execution – active shot”, “Preparation for the shot” are informative indicators of technical and tactical actions of qualified rifle shooting athletes. The study determined time parameters of the phases during competitive activity. The difference between the average indicators of the athletes with different sports qualifications is at the limit of 2.55 seconds, which suggests that the duration of the restorative processes of the shooter’s body affects the performance of each shot.  Conclusions. A detailed analysis of air rifle shooting among men during competitive activity allowed to determine the difference in technical and tactical fitness between the athletes with different sports qualifications of MSU and CMSU levels: “Aiming” – MSU 950.56 seconds, CMSU 1017.91 seconds; “Shot execution – active shot” – MSU 964.45 seconds, CMSU 952.36 seconds; “Preparation for the shot” – MSU 1678.66 seconds, CMSU 1855.19 seconds, “Total execution time” – MSU 3593.68 seconds, CMSU 3825.47 seconds.

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The objective is to define the effects of external (gravitational field) and internal factors on the functioning of the “shooter-weapons-aim” system.Materials and methods: the paper studied the shooters’ motor actions during the execution of exercises in trainings and at competitions. To characterize the shooter’s functional state, the study analyzed the work of the cardiovascular system, which was quantitatively characterized of the heart beat rate dynamically recorded on a Polar RS800 pulsometer with second-by-second time discretization.Results: The paper reviews the shooters’ complex coordination movements with regard to the systems within which energy and information exchange takes place against gravitational interactions. It used the relation between the system entropy variable and data entry. The increase in the information volume entered in the system from complementary sources conditions the decrease in the system uncertainty. Conclusions: the proposed approach allows to apply the general methods of research to studies of the “shooter-weapons-aim” system functioning with regard to energy-information and gravitational interaction. Specifying the quantitative characteristics when analyzing energy-information interaction reduces the system uncertainty and determines its functioning.

The objective is to describe biotechnical systems, to specify their functioning and to determine the conditions to decrease the uncertainty of the systems; to search and interprete the hidden periodic behavior of the numerical series occurring in training and competitive activities.Materials and methods. The functioning of biotechnical systems was studied. To characterize the functional state of the system, the study used analysis of the cardiovascular system functioning, which was quantitatively characterized by the frequency of cardiac contractions taken in the dynamic mode with a pulsimeter with per-second discretization of time and analyzed using a software package.Results. The article proposes to use a certain approach to handle numerical series when studying biological and natural processes. The hidden periodic behavior of the numerical series occurring in training and competitive activities of athletes were sought out and interpreted. The paper presents some biotechnical systems.Conclusions. The paper proposes an approach to studying biotechnical systems. The human heart rate changes throughout the day depending on the time and is of fluctuating nature with certain periods, whereas the heart rate periods depend on the person’s activity and the time of day. At the same time, when in rest, the heart rate tends to decrease the amplitude. Moreover, the heart rate reading significantly depends on the load of the person. All this confirms the need to conduct a sufficiently detailed study of the human heart rate and its exposue to external and internal factors as well as the correlation between the latter. The uncertainty of the system decreases with the introduction of additional information.