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A survey on mosquito diversity in Erode district was carried out and totally 5114 mosquitoes belonging to 7 genus (Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres, Aedeomyia, Culex, Lutzia and Ochlerotatus) and 23 species were collected during the study period. Both indoor and outdoor adults were collected from human dwellings, cattle sheds and larvae were collected from different aquatic habitats. The most dominant genus collected was Culex 29.36%, followed by Anopheles 26.27% and the genus Aedeomyia represented 0.15%. Aedesalbopictus was the predominant species and represented by 42.23% of the total mosquitoes which was followed by Aedesaegypti 25.08% and the least was Culex mimulus 0.17%. Armigeres subalbatus, Aedeomyia catastica and Lutzia fuscana were the single species collected during the study period.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of mortality and disability in adults with diabetes. Recently apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) have been found to be associated with biophysiological changes of DR than traditional lipids. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the lipid profile including Apo A-I, Apo B, and Apo B/Apo A-I levels in diabetes patients with or without retinopathy. The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital, India. The total numbers of subjects were 90, divided into three groups. Group I included 30 healthy controls, group II included 30 cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) without retinopathy, and group III had 30 cases of DR. Blood samples were drawn under aseptic precautions from study subjects. The investigations carried out were fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), and lipid profile including Apo A-I and Apo B in all subjects. The FPG, PPPG, lipid profile, and apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and Apo B) were estimated using autoanalyzer EM 200.There was significant increase in FPG, PPPG, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and no significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in group II and III subjects. There was significant decrease in Apo A-I and increase in Apo B levels and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in group II and III subjects. There is a suggestive association of TGs, LDL, and Apo B/Apo A-I ratio in diabetic subjects with and without retinopathy. The Apo A-I, Apo B, and ratio of Apo B/Apo A-I are strong indicators of dyslipidemia in diabetic and DR patients. The ratio of Apo B/Apo A-I is better associated with DR and may contribute to development and progression of DR. How to cite this article Namitha D, Nusrath A, Rajeswari A, Rani NA, Shilpashree YD. Apolipoprotein A-I and Apolipoprotein B: Better Indicators of Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients? Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):142-146.

The methodology of diagnosis in Siddha system is based on eight fold examinations of pulse, reflex, tongue, body color and complexion, speech, eyes and sight, stools and urine. Of all these parameters, Urine examination has gained paramount importance next to pulse examination. Neikuri is a diagnostic tool of urine examination using Sesame seed oil developed by Siddhars and also throws a light on prognosis of disease condition. This is an attempt to understand the Siddha system of diagnosing pathological conditions which are a non-invasive, highly cost effective procedure which can be used for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. This study aims to validate the Neikuri image on the patients diagnosed as Hypertension. For the purpose of the study, ten urine samples of Hypertension patients were collected and the oil drop test was conducted using the guidelines mentioned the Siddha Literature. Majority of samples showed a ring shape like circle under Iyam humor. This study can be used as referenced diagnostic criteria for Hypertension.

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