A wireless sensor network (WSN) is built by numerous tiny, resource aware sensor nodes to facilitate and develop various fields such as the military, health care, disaster management etc. One of the major design issues in WSN is congestion detection and control. Data collision, channel contention, and buffer overflow are considered to be a few important factors that may lead to a congestion problem. Congestion causes increase in packet drop rate and thus network efficiency is decreased. Hence, the network performance and quality of service may be degraded. Therefore congestion detection and control are vital and critical challenges to be addressed. In this paper, a novel energy efficient fuzzy based congestion detection and control algorithm (EE-FBCDCA) has been proposed with the objective of addressing the energy aware congestion detection and control mechanism. The proposed work consists of three phases, namely, 1) Fuzzy inference system based congestion detection, 2) Congestion notification phase and 3) Fuzzy inference system based congestion control. In this work, once the congestion is detected and upon receiving the notification message, the intermediate nodes will adjust their respective transmission rate to prevent further drop of packets. Thus, EE-FBCDCA detects and control the congestion more effectively to improve the QoS of the network. The proposed work is implemented and analysed by using MATLAB, and the performance is compared with the existing HTCCFL and FBACC. The simulation results of EE-FBCDCA shows enhanced network lifetime, energy efficiency, and reliability.