Within renewable resources, oils and fats represent a new and well-noted feedstock for the synthesis of products and intermediates in chemical industry. Beside their minor chemical functionalities, the main and dominating targets are their olefin sites which make them attractive for different kinds of chemicaland bio-mediated reactions leading to products with higher added value. A number of different chemical transformations are known [1] and subject of extensive investigations. Especially one of these shall be recognized as of high importance: ruthenium-based homogeneously catalyzed metathesis [2].Alkene sites in organic target compounds represent interesting transformation possibilities for metathesis catalysts. In this respect, fats and oils are attractive target molecules. Within the field of metathesis, different kinds of reactions and catalysts are known and will be presented. Their impact on metathesis reactions in the field of renewable raw materials will be demonstrated.Besides, investigations to evaluate and improve metathesis reactions on oleic acid derivatives using ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts, and a scale-up of the metathesis reaction itself, were performed. The results based on this work will be presented and evaluated.