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Managing a solitary fibrous tumour of the diaphragm from above and belowa ns_5282 370..371 Solitary fibrous tumours are rare spindle-cell neoplasms that usually arise from visceral and parietal pleura and peritoneum and are likely of either mesothelial cell origin or fibroblast/primitive mesenchymal cell origin.1 They are typically found in the chest and occasionally the abdominal cavity but have been reported in the parotid gland, pericardium, ovary, liver, intestine, lung, orbit, upper respiratory tract, bladder and periosteum.2 Solitary fibrous tumours involving the diaphragm arising from overlying pleura or underlying peritoneum have been occasionally described but never with such intimate involvement.A 32-year-old female smoker presented with clinical features typical for gallstones. An ultrasound of her biliary system confirmed cholelithiasis but also noted a large heterogeneous solid hypoechoic mass medial to the spleen in the left upper quadrant. Beyond issues with symptoms related to gallstones, she denied any other problems including breathlessness, atypical chest pain or referred pain. She had no night sweats or weight loss, and clinical examination was unremarkable.A chest computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated a large mass in intimate contact with the left hemidiaphragm (Fig. 1a,b). Following standard general anaesthesia and single lung ventilation, a left video-assisted thoracoscopic assessment showed the mass appearing to be within the diaphragm or pushing up from the abdomen. A laparoscopy was performed, which confirmed the mass was within the diaphragm itself (Fig. 2) and completely separate form underlying abdominal viscera. Following left thoracotomy, a full thickness excision of the hemidiaphragm with the tumour contained within its leaves was completed. The hemidiaphragm was reconstructed using Gore-Tex (Flagstaff, AZ, USA).The patient went on to make an uneventful recovery, and following discharge at one-year follow-up, was fully recovered with a chest CT showing no evidence of recurrence. Tumour inspection found grossly normal diaphragmatic tissue covering both sides of the specimen. Immunoperoxidase stains demonstrated strong diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for CD34 as well as vimentin, Bcl-2 and S100, but a lack of strong cytokeratin positivity. The morphologic and immunophenotypic features were those of a solitary fibrous tumour.

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Tracer amounts or ,n" ,"aio"LiB'sJ#o*' Mn-54 were used to investisate the Mn cycle in an alkaline loam. Mn-^54 was added to the solutioi in equilibrium with the whole soil as well as to the solution in equilibrium with soil from which the chelated Mn fraction had been oreviously removed. The forms of soil manganese in equilibrium with solution manganese were srudied by extracting thE soil with ZnSo, solurion followed by hy?roquinone.These two exuactants removed all the soil mansanese equilibiatins wilh solution manganese. Rate studies indicated rhat_"rhere, #as.a rapi-d_ exchange reaction operative between solurion n{n and the hydroquinone-soluble man, ganese oxides. There were one o.r morc sloucr exihang'e reactions operative beiween solution A{n and manganese complexed by or anic matter, allowed to eq-uilibrate with sol Mn. Since these data were reported, how-

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